Climatic Factors and Density of Aedes sp. Larvae on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Abstract
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a public health concern in endemic areas, including Labuh Baru Timur Subdistrict, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City, which is characterized by a tropical climate and high population density. This study aims to describe the influence of climatic factors and Aedes spp. larval density on the incidence of DHF in Pekanbaru City. This research employed a quantitative descriptive and observational approach with a survey design. Data on DHF incidence were obtained from the Disease Prevention and Control Division (P2PM) of the Pekanbaru City Health Office for the period January 2023 to December 2024. Climatic data, including air temperature, rainfall, and humidity, were sourced from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Pekanbaru City. Measurement of Aedes spp. larval density was conducted in Labuh Baru Timur Subdistrict, Payung Sekaki District, in November 2025, involving 110 households selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed an increase in DHF cases from 291 cases in 2023 to 517 cases in 2024, with two reported deaths. The pattern of DHF incidence fluctuated, with peaks occurring in the early and mid-2024. Climatic conditions, including air temperatures ranging from 25.9–28.0°C, rainfall between 93.9–507.7 mm, and humidity levels of 79–91%, were conducive to vector breeding. Larval density indices indicated a House Index of 54.5%, Container Index of 23.5%, and Breteau Index of 91.8%. The Density Figure ranged from 6 to 7, indicating high larval density and a high risk of DHF transmission. The Larva-Free Index was recorded at 45.5%. This study underscores the need for sustainable DHF control through climate-based mosquito breeding site eradication and enhanced community participation.
Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, climatic factors; larval density ; Aedes sp.
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