PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN ELEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING: A SCOPING REVIEW
Keywords:
pedagogical interaction, teacher - student interaction, classroom interaction, social studies education, elementary school
Abstract
Literature reviews play an important role in identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing the development of knowledge within a particular field of study. This article aims to present a literature review on pedagogical interaction in elementary Social Studies education by identifying (1) research objectives, (2) key findings, (3) forms of pedagogical interaction, and (4) the dimensions of pedagogical interaction examined in the literature. This study employed a Scoping Review methodology following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The literature search was conducted using Publish or Perish across the Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA databases for articles published between 2021 and 2026. A total of 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using a descriptive thematic approach. The findings indicate that research on pedagogical interaction has evolved from teacher-centered communication toward a multidimensional, collaborative, reflective, and technology-supported learning ecosystem. Four major forms of pedagogical interaction were identified: teacher student interaction, student student interaction, student technology interaction, and student community interaction. In addition, four core dimensions of pedagogical interaction emerged from the literature: engagement, pedagogical dialogue, co-construction of knowledge, and reflection. These findings provide a conceptual foundation for the development of a Pedagogical Interaction Model to strengthen Social Studies instruction in elementary teacher education.
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References
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Tricco, A. C., Robinson, E., Straus, S. E., Colquhoun, H., Godfrey, C. M., Moher, D., Munn, Z., Pollock, D., Logan, S., Elsman, E. B. M., Hasanoff, S., Lai, Y., McMahon, J., Dourka, J., Neupane, D., Khalil, H., Peters, M. D. J., Alexander, L., Jia, R. M., … Veroniki, A. A. (2026). Updating the PRISMA reporting guideline for scoping reviews: a scoping review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 196, 112314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112314
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Aure, P. A., & Cuenca, O. (2024). Fostering social-emotional learning through human-centered use of generative AI in business research education: an insider case study. … of Research in Innovative Teaching \& Learning. https://www.emerald.com/jrit/article/17/2/168/1226677
Bali, S., Chen, T.-C., Liu, M.-C., Klangrit, S., & Lin, C.-Y. (2026). Navigating interactions and challenges in online learning: a qualitative study through social presence theory. Qualitative Research Journal, 26(2), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-04-2024-0077
Bali, S., Chen, T. C., Liu, M. C., Klangrit, S., & ... (2024). Navigating interactions and challenges in online learning: a qualitative study through social presence theory. Qualitative Research …. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-04-2024-0077/1255878
Banks, A. J. (1990). Teaching Strategies for the Social Studies: Inquiry, Decision-making and Citizen Action. Longman.
Buchem, I., & Leiba, M. (2022). … TO PROMOTING CRITICAL SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF PROJECT-BASED COLLABORATION ON" SOCIAL ROBOTS IN EDUCATION". EDULEARN22 Proceedings. https://library.iated.org/view/BUCHEM2022VIR
Budirahayu, T., & Saud, M. (2023). Pedagogical innovation and teacher collaborations in supporting student learning success in Indonesia. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2271713
Geng, X., Zhan, Y., You, H., & Zhao, L. (2024). Exploring the characteristics of undergraduates’ Critical thinking development in peer interaction via epistemic network analysis. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 52, 101553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101553
González-Pérez, L. I., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2022). Components of Education 4.0 in 21st Century Skills Frameworks: Systematic Review. Sustainability, 14(3), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031493
Guan, L., Zhang, E. Y., & Gu, M. M. (2025). Examining generative AI–mediated informal digital learning of English practices with social cognitive theory: A mixed-methods study. ReCALL. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/recall/article/examining-generative-aimediated-informal-digital-learning-of-english-practices-with-social-cognitive-theory-a-mixedmethods-study/F9B7ACD7BFEC6A3864463DD7F228AC27
Hamadi, M., El-Den, J., Azam, S., & ... (2022). Integrating social media as cooperative learning tool in higher education classrooms: An empirical study. Journal of King Saud …. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157820305838
Harati, H., Tu, C. H., Yen, C. J., Liu, Y., Nasr, N. R., & ... (2025). A Social Learning Analysis Study: Social Presence in Online Discussions’ Network Interactions. Journal of Educational …. https://aquila.usm.edu/jetde/vol18/iss1/9/
Hwang, G. J., Chang, C. Y., & Ogata, H. (2022). The effectiveness of the virtual patient-based social learning approach in undergraduate nursing education: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691721004214
Ibrahim, I., Jumadi, J., & Kamaruddin, S. (2023). The study of social interaction in education and its influence on sociology learning achievement in students. Journal of Educational …. https://eprints.unm.ac.id/35789/
Kim, M.-Y., & Wilkinson, I. A. G. (2019). What is dialogic teaching? Constructing, deconstructing, and reconstructing a pedagogy of classroom talk. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 21, 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.02.003
Koyuturk, C., Yavari, M., Theophilou, E., Bursic, S., & ... (2023). Developing effective educational Chatbots with ChatGPT prompts: insights from preliminary tests in a case study on social media literacy (with appendix). ArXiv Preprint ArXiv …. https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.10645
Li, C., Du, X., & Xiao, P. (2025). Revolutionising education: Leveraging AI to boost student engagement through constructivist and social collaborative learning-A study of Perusall. UK Academy for Information Systems …. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/files/32169310/Revolutionising_Education_Leveraging_AI_to_Boost_Student_Engagem.pdf
Liu, T., Deng, L., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Unpacking Self-Regulation and Social Interaction in “Study With Me” Videos through Large-Scale Analytics. Computers \&Education. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131525002568
Mensonen, M., Pramila-Savukoski, S., Mikkonen, K., & ... (2024). The experiences of social and health care and health sciences educators of implementing hybrid teaching in higher education: A qualitative study. Nurse Education …. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691723003738
Mercer, N. (1996). The quality of talk in children’s collaborative activity in the classroom. Learning and Instruction, 6(4), 359–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(96)00021-7
Oktaviyanti, I., & Novitasari, S. (2019). Analisis Penerapan Problem Based Learning pada Mata Kuliah Pendidikan IPS. Musamus Journal of Primary Education, 2(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.35724/musjpe.v2i1.1945
Paradowski, M. B., Cierpich–Kozieł, A., & ... (2022). How output outweighs input and interlocutors matter for study‐abroad SLA: Computational social network analysis of learner interactions. The Modern …. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12811
Peters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A. C., Pollock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., McInerney, P., Godfrey, C. M., & Khalil, H. (2020). Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(10), 2119–2126. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-20-00167
Rachelle, M. G. (2022). An Existential-Phenomenological Study of University Student Interaction with a Social Educational Robot. search.proquest.com. https://search.proquest.com/openview/024973586d041e241b4743c6be60f075/1?pq-origsite=gscholar%5C&cbl=18750%5C&diss=y
Shrader, A. M., & Louw, I. (2021). Using a social media project as a way to get students to communicate conservation messages to the general public. Journal of Biological Education, May. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2021.1924231
Sousa‐Vieira, M. E., López‐Ardao, J. C., & ... (2023). Study of the impact of social learning and gamification methodologies on learning results in higher education. … Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22575
Syapriya. (2017). Pendidikan IPS Konsep dan Pembelajaran. PT Komala Rosdakarya.
Tao, Y., & Chen, G. (2023). Coding schemes and analytic indicators for dialogic teaching: A systematic review of the literature. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 39, 100702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2023.100702
Tarakli, I., Vinanzi, S., & Nuovo, A. Di. (2025). Gender Differences in Learning-by-Teaching a Social Robot: Insights from a Primary School Study. 2025 34th IEEE International …. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11217591/
Tricco, A. C., Robinson, E., Straus, S. E., Colquhoun, H., Godfrey, C. M., Moher, D., Munn, Z., Pollock, D., Logan, S., Elsman, E. B. M., Hasanoff, S., Lai, Y., McMahon, J., Dourka, J., Neupane, D., Khalil, H., Peters, M. D. J., Alexander, L., Jia, R. M., … Veroniki, A. A. (2026). Updating the PRISMA reporting guideline for scoping reviews: a scoping review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 196, 112314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112314
Vo, V. L. H. (2023). Pedagogical Challenges in Online Teaching: A Qualitative Study on Vietnamese University Teachers of Social Sciences. Vietnam Journal of Education (VJE). https://www.academia.edu/download/106642417/Pedagogical_Challenges_in_Online_Teaching_A_Qualitative_Study_on_Vietnamese_University_Teachers_of_Social_Sciences.pdf
Young, G. W., O’Dwyer, N. C., & Smolic, A. (2023). A case study on student experiences of social VR in a remote STEM classroom. Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI …. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3573852
Zhang, J., Xu, J., & Li, M. (2025). The impact of educational live action role-playing games on social–emotional competence: A mixed-method study with Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1538761
Zhang, N., Liu, Q., Zheng, X., Luo, L., & ... (2022). Analysis of social interaction and behavior patterns in the process of online to offline lesson study: A case study of chemistry teaching design based on augmented …. … Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1866493
Zhao, M., & Jin, Y. (2025). Zhao, M., & Jin, Y. (2025). Service-Learning with Intergenerational and Cross-Cultural Social Interactions: A Study of University Students in Hong Kong. Journal of Experiential Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259241304392Service-Learning with Inte. Journal of Experiential Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259241304392
Published
2026-09-02
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Guslinda Guslinda, Mitha Dwi Anggriani, Mahmud Alpusari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
