Proceeding of International Conference on Science and Technology

The Role of Waste Bank-Based Waste Management Engineering in Women's Empowerment to Achieve SDGs 5 and 12

2026-08-31T21:23:10+07:00

Waste banks are one of the community-based waste management approaches that not only contribute to reducing waste generation, but also have the potential to be a means of empowering women. This study aims to analyze the waste management engineering model based on the Gondangan Sejahtera Waste Bank in women's empowerment to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5 and 12. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through field observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires to waste bank administrators and customers. The data was analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner, while the questionnaire results were used as supporting data through percentage analysis. The results of the study show that the waste management engineering model consists of six stages, namely waste sorting from sources, composting organic waste, depositing inorganic waste, recording transactions digitally, making creative products from recycling, and implementing a green circular economy. All stages are carried out with the active involvement of women as the main actors so as to increase women's participation, capacity, leadership, and economic independence. In addition, the implementation of waste sorting, reducing, reusing, and recycling encourages changes in people's behavior towards more responsible consumption and production. Thus, the waste management engineering model based on the Gondangan Sejahtera Waste Bank not only supports sustainable waste management, but also contributes to the achievement of SDGs 5 through women's empowerment and SDGs 12 through the application

Review of Increasing Rice Productivity: Jajar Legowo Planting System, Productivity, Opportunities and Development Strategies in Rice Fields

2026-09-01T21:23:59+07:00

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the strategic foodcrop commodities in Indonesia and rice production is very important in the context of sustaining national food security with the target of achieving food (rice) self-sufficiency. The purpose of this article is to review efforts to increase rice productivity through the Jajar Legowo planting system, opportunities and development strategies in rice fields to support Indonesia's food security. The jajar legowo planting system provides higher rice productivity and can increase rice productivity between 12.26-33.07% compared to the tegel planting system. Economically, the Jajar Legowo planting system is profitable and worthy of being developed on a wider scale. The strategy for developing the Jajar Legowo planting system through the S-O Strategy, including carrying out action programs with farmer groups implementing the Jajar Legowo planting system technology, being able to increase rice production and farmer income. Increase human resource capacity, perception and institutions with education and training. W-O strategy includes counseling using the Jajar Legowo planting system technology which can increase farmers' production and income. Motivate farmer groups to plant rice using the Jajar Legowo planting system using an agribusiness approach and the use of planting equipment/transplanters) through a partnership pattern. The S-T strategy includes optimizing agricultural land and implementing an integrated pest control system. W-T strategy includes, among other things, using varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases and tolerant to the environment. Training farmers/farmer groups are able to become pest observers on their own land.

Hasan Al-Banna's Thought on Islamic Education

2026-09-01T21:24:23+07:00

Islamic education faces various challenges in the modern era, such as moral crises, the weakening of learners' character, and the lack of integration between science and Islamic values. This condition underscores the importance of re-examining the thoughts of Islamic education figures who developed comprehensive educational concepts, one of whom is Hasan Al-Banna. The research results show that Hasan Al-Banna's thought positions education as a holistic process of human development through the integration of the aspects of faith, morality, intellect, physical health, and social life, which are embodied in the objectives, content, methods, and the role of the educator in Islamic education. The research uses a qualitative approach with a library research design. Data were obtained through a documentary study of Hasan Al-Banna's works, namely Risalah Ta'lim, Majmu'at al-Rasail, and Memoirs of Preaching and the Preacher as primary sources, supported by books, journal articles, proceedings, and previous research results as secondary sources. Data analysis was carried out using the content analysis technique through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The research results show that Hasan Al-Banna's thought positions education as a holistic process of human development covering the aspects of faith, morality, intellect, physical health, and social life. This concept is embodied through educational objectives oriented toward forming a complete Muslim personality, the role of the educator as a role model, the integration of religious and general educational content, and the application of educational methods that emphasize role modeling, habituation, advice, and character development. Thus, it can be concluded that Hasan Al-Banna's thought remains relevant as a foundation for developing Islamic education oriented toward character formation, the integration of knowledge, and the strengthening of the values of the Qur'an and Sunnah in facing the challenges of modern education, so that it can answer the challenges of education in the modern era without neglecting the values of the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Strategy For Implementing An Electronic-Based Government System To Support Smart City In Public Service Malls In Bungo Regency

2026-09-01T21:23:31+07:00

Digital transformation is one of the main agendas of bureaucratic reform in improving the quality of public services in Indonesia. The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) is a strategic instrument used by the government to realize effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable governance. One form of SPBE implementation in the region is realized through the implementation of Public Service Malls (MPP) that integrate various services in one service location. This study aims to analyze the SPBE implementation strategy in supporting the Smart City concept in the Bungo Regency Public Service Mall. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of MPP managers, regional apparatus organizations providing services, service officers, and service users. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The study uses the Osborne and Plastrik public service strategy theory, which includes core strategies, consequence strategies, customer strategies, monitoring strategies, and cultural strategies. The results show that the implementation of SPBE in the Bungo Regency MPP has supported the acceleration of public services through the use of information technology and service integration. However, implementation has not been optimal due to challenges such as limited inter-agency system integration, human resource capacity, digital work culture, and information technology infrastructure. The monitoring strategy has shown relatively good performance, while the core strategy, consequence strategy, customer strategy, and culture strategy still require strengthening. The study recommends improving digital service integration, strengthening civil servant competency, developing a performance-based reward and sanction system, and strengthening the digital work culture to support the acceleration of Smart City implementation in Bungo Regency.

Developing Gen Z Students’ Work Readiness: Hard Skills, Soft Skills, and Internships

2026-09-02T21:24:37+07:00

This study is motivated by the increasing demands of the labor market for higher education graduates who not only possess hard skills but also demonstrate strong soft skills and practical experience. However, a gap remains between the competencies acquired by students and the needs of the industry, particularly among Generation Z students. This study aims to analyze the effect of hard skills and soft skills on work readiness, with internship experience serving as an intervening variable among university students in Pekanbaru City. The research employs a quantitative approach using purposive sampling techniques, involving 110 respondents who met the specified criteria. The sample size was determined using G*Power. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that hard skills have a significant effect on internship experience but do not exhibit a strong direct effect on work readiness. In contrast, soft skills significantly influence both internship experience and work readiness. Internship experience is found to have the most dominant effect on work readiness and acts as a significant intervening variable in the relationship between both hard skills and soft skills and work readiness. In conclusion, students’ work readiness is not directly formed by the mere possession of skills, but rather through the transformation of competencies that occurs during real work experiences. Therefore, strengthening internship programs becomes a key factor in enhancing students’ work readiness..

The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Performance in Strategic Resilience and Organizational Transformation in Riau Industries

2026-09-02T21:24:10+07:00

Abstract

In the context of increasing global uncertainty and the growing demand for sustainability towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, organizations operating in high-risk industries are required to strengthen their strategic resilience and undertake adaptive organizational transformation. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) performance plays a crucial role not only in maintaining operational sustainability but also in enhancing organizational capacity to manage risks and respond to dynamic business environments. This phenomenon is reflected in empirical data on workplace accidents in Riau Province. Based on data from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, from January to June 2025, there were 9,416 workplace accident cases, including 32 fatal cases. By August 2025, the number of fatalities increased to 33 cases, indicating that the level of occupational risk remains high and significant. This study aims to examine the role of OSH performance in enhancing strategic resilience and promoting organizational transformation in high-risk industries. The study adopts a conceptual approach through literature review and analysis of empirical phenomena related to workplace safety.

The findings indicate that OSH performance contributes to strengthening strategic resilience and driving adaptive and sustainable organizational transformation. The integration of safety aspects into organizational strategy is essential in addressing uncertainty and achieving long-term sustainability.

Feminism in The Names of The Jalur (Racing Boat) in Kuantansigingi

2026-09-02T21:23:48+07:00

Abstract

The naming of paths (boats) in the Pacu Jalur tradition in Kuantan Singingi Regency is a cultural practice that not only serves as a marker of identity, but also represents the social, cultural, and ideological values of the community. One interesting phenomenon is the widespread use of names representing women, such as Putri, Ratu, Puti, Dewi, and Srikandi, which indicates the existence of symbolic constructions regarding women in local culture. This study aims to describe the forms of representation of women in the names of paths and analyze the social and cultural meanings behind the choice of these names. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a socio-onomastic perspective combined with the theories of liberal feminism, cultural feminism, representational feminism by Judith Butler, existential feminism by Simone de Beauvoir, and postcolonial feminism by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. The research data consists of 226 path names obtained from official documentation and observations of the Pacu Jalur tradition in Kuantan Singingi Regency. The data were analyzed using classification techniques, semantic interpretation, and socio-onomastic analysis of lexical elements that represent women's identity. The results of the study indicate that the representation of women in the names of the routes is divided into several categories, namely women as the main identity (Putri, Ratu, Puti, Dewi), symbols of beauty and nobility (Diamond, Pomegranate, Shawl, Crown), figures of leadership and heroism (Srikandi, Ratu, Putri), and symbols of traditional honor. The analysis also shows that some representations of women are still within a symbolic framework influenced by patriarchal values, while others show recognition of women as figures with agency, authority, and cultural legitimacy. These findings confirm that naming routes is a social practice that reflects the relationship between language, culture, collective identity, power, and gender in the Kuantan Singingi community. Thus, the names of the routes not only function as boat identities, but also as a medium for preserving cultural values and symbolic representations of women in the Pacu Jalur tradition.

Physicochemical Analysis, Caffeine Quantification, and Sensory Profiling of Oenanthe javanica Tea

2026-09-02T21:23:22+07:00

Herbal tea infusions have gained increasing attention due to their potential health-promoting and therapeutic properties. Oenanthe javanica has been recognised for its antioxidant and detoxifying attributes; however, its sensory and physicochemical characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to determine caffeine concentrations across different formulations, evaluate key physicochemical properties, and assess consumer sensory acceptance. Leaf samples were analysed through moisture content determination, controlled brewing conditions (water volume, temperature, and storage), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectrophotometric caffeine quantification, and sensory evaluation involving 30 panellists. Physicochemical analysis showed that dried O. javanica leaves exhibited slightly higher moisture content than Camellia sinensis (black tea). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of key functional groups, including C–H, C=O, C=C, and C–N bonds, which contribute to its chemical profile. Caffeine quantification confirmed its presence in O. javanica, while black tea consistently exhibited the highest caffeine content, and the 1:1 blended formulation showed the lowest concentration due to dilution effects. The calibration model based on the Beer–Lambert law demonstrated strong linearity for caffeine quantification. In addition, brewing conditions and storage significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of the infusions, where lower solvent volumes produced more concentrated, acidic, and caffeine-rich extracts. Sensory evaluation revealed that pure O. javanica tea received lower overall hedonic acceptance compared with black tea, while the blended formulation showed improved acceptability. Overall, the findings provide new insights into the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of O. javanica, supporting its potential application as a functional ingredient in herbal tea product development.

Designing Next-Generation PVDF-HFP Polymer Electrolytes: Insights from Ion Transport, Dielectric Studies, and Ex-Situ Filler Engineering

2026-09-02T21:22:59+07:00

The development of safe, flexible, and high-performance solid polymer electrolytes is essential for next-generation lithium-based energy storage. PVDF-HFP remains a leading polymer system owing to its high dielectric constant, mechanical strength, and compatibility with lithium salts. However, its limited ion mobility and low room-temperature conductivity require targeted material enhancements. This review highlights recent progress in improving PVDF-HFP polymer electrolytes through ex-situ ceramic filler engineering, optimized plasticizer incorporation, and detailed dielectric–impedance analysis. Ex-situ synthesized fillers such as SiO₂ and TiO₂ have been shown to enhance segmental mobility, promote lithium-salt dissociation, and create continuous ion-conduction pathways within the semi-crystalline matrix. Reported dielectric and impedance studies reveal strong relationships between permittivity, relaxation behaviour, charge-carrier density, and ionic conductivity, with optimized systems achieving 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹. This review consolidates key structure–property correlations and identifies the primary drivers of mobility enhancement, offering valuable guidance for designing next-generation PVDF-HFP-based solid polymer electrolytes for safe and efficient lithium-energy storage applications.

Evaluation of the Sustainability of Forensic Waste Management at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Medan

2026-09-02T21:22:37+07:00

Forensic waste management at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Medan is a multidimensional issue. The waste generated comprising human tissue, autopsy organs, and hazardous chemicals poses significant infectious and toxicological risks. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of the forensic waste management system by analyzing technical conditions and stakeholder awareness levels to support safe, effective, and sustainable waste management. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining descriptive quantitative and exploratory qualitative methods. Data collection involved observation, laboratory analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and document review. The results indicate that the current forensic waste management facilities are effective in controlling chemical parameters, as evidenced by the absence of detectable formalin in laboratory test results. However, microbiological control remains suboptimal, as Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria were still detected in the treated waste. From a social perspective, medical personnel possess a good understanding of the high-risk nature of forensic waste; however, this awareness is not yet fully reflected in the consistent application of management procedures. Overall, the sustainability of forensic waste management requires improvement particularly regarding microbiological control, adherence to operational procedures, and cost-efficiency optimization to meet the principles of safe, effective, and sustainable waste management.

Factors Influencing the Implementation of the Modern-Based Traditional Market Concept in Teluk Kuantan Market, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indonesia

2026-09-02T21:22:12+07:00

Traditional markets remain an important component of regional economic development because they provide trading space for micro, small, and medium enterprises while supporting community economic activities. To improve competitiveness, the Government of Kuantan Singingi Regency developed the Teluk Kuantan Modern-Based Traditional Market. However, the implementation of the modern market concept has not yet been fully realized due to several managerial and institutional constraints. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of the modern-based traditional market concept at Teluk Kuantan Market using the implementation framework proposed by M. Audina (2021). The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with the Department of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade and Industry (Diskopdagrin), market managers, traders, and visitors, while secondary data were obtained from institutional documents and relevant literature. The findings indicate that communication has been implemented through routine socialization and direct information delivery, although compliance among traders remains limited. Resource availability generally supports market operations; however, budget constraints, limited personnel, and inadequate facility maintenance reduce implementation effectiveness. The disposition of implementers demonstrates commitment toward market modernization, although consistency in enforcing regulations still requires improvement. Meanwhile, the bureaucratic structure has established clear institutional responsibilities and inter-agency coordination, although supervision in the field should be strengthened. The study concludes that successful implementation of a modern-based traditional market requires not only adequate physical infrastructure but also effective communication, sufficient resources, strong commitment from implementers, and well-coordinated institutional governance.

FORAGE PRODUCTION ESTIMATION AND LAND CARRYING CAPACITY OF FORAGE PLOTS AT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KUANTAN SINGINGI, RIAU, INDONESIA

2026-09-02T21:21:41+07:00

Forage availability is a major determinant of sustainable ruminant production, particularly in tropical production systems where livestock depend heavily on fresh forage. This study aimed to estimate fresh forage production and determine the carrying capacity of forage plots at Universitas Islam Kuantan Singings (UNIKS), Riau, Indonesia. The research was conducted in the UNIKS forage field using a quadrat sampling approach. Three sample plots were established across the field, and all fresh forage within each plot was harvested and weighed. The observed fresh forage weights were then used to estimate production per hectare and annual production, while carrying capacity was estimated based on standard livestock feed requirements. The results showed substantial variation among sampling points. Sample 1 produced 353 g of fresh forage and had the highest estimated annual production of 470.7 t ha−1 year−1. Sample 2 produced 64.5 g and had the lowest estimated production of 86.0 t ha−1 year−1, while Sample 3 produced 254 g and had an estimated production of 338.7 t ha−1 year−1. The estimated carrying capacity was 15 heads for the highest-producing plot, 2 heads for the lowest-producing plot, and 11 heads for the moderate plot, with an average of 9 heads per study unit. The variation was associated with differences in soil fertility, sunlight intensity, soil moisture, plant density, and weed competition. The findings indicate that UNIKS forage land has considerable potential as a feed resource, but improved land management and additional sampling are needed to obtain more robust estimates and improve forage productivity.

Factors Influencing the Development of Basic Infrastructure in Remote Areas (Case Study of Kampung Baru Village, Concong District, Indragiri Hilir Regency)

2026-09-02T21:21:14+07:00

Basic infrastructure development in remote areas faces unique challenges due to geographic constraints, limited budgets, and institutional dynamics. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing basic infrastructure development in Kampung Baru Village, Concong District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. Kampung Baru Village is a remote coastal village situated in a tidal area where public accessibility heavily relies on water transportation. A descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research. Primary data were gathered through field observations, questionnaires administered to 92 respondents, and in-depth interviews with key informants, including the Village Head, Village Secretary, and Head of Hamlet. Secondary data were obtained from village profile documents and relevant official reports. The analysis evaluated four main factors based on World Bank indicators: governance and institutional capacity, financing and budget allocation, geographical conditions and population density, and private sector participation. The findings reveal that governance and institutional capacity are running fairly well through participatory planning (Musrenbang Desa) and RPJMDes, although technical execution remains constrained. Financing and budget allocation encounter severe limitations due to cuts in Village Funds and heavy reliance on government budgets. Geographical conditions and accessibility emerge as the most dominant factors hindering development, as tidal fluctuations, soft alluvial/peat soil, and complete reliance on water transport increase logistics costs and delay execution. Furthermore, private sector participation remains very minimal, leaving development heavily dependent on public funding. The study concludes that accelerating infrastructure development in remote coastal areas requires enhanced inter-institutional synergy, innovative alternative funding, and adaptive construction strategies tailored to local geographical characteristics.

Study of Fertilization Technology on Various Plant Population Densities of Shallots from True Shallot Seed Supports Proliga Technology anani a

2026-09-02T21:20:54+07:00

Shallot production can be affected by nutrient availability and plant population density in producing bulbs. The study aims to obtain the right dose of fertilizer and plant population for increased production through a double folding program (proliga) of shallot from true shallot seed (TSS). The study was conducted in Bonto Parang Village, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi in January-December 2024. The study used a split-plot design with three replications. The population density as the main plot consisted of J1 = 100 plants/m²(1 seedlings per hole), J2 = 200 plants/m²(2 seedlings per hole) and J3 = 133 plants/m²(2 seedlings per hole). Fertilizer dosage as sub-plot consisted of P1 = 269,10 kg N, 311,40 kg P, 315,0 kg K (110% of recommendations); P2 = 246,68 kg N, 285,45 kg P, 288,75 kg K (recommendations); P3 = 224,25 kg N, 259,5 kg P, 262,5 kg K (90% of recommendations); P4 = 201,82 kg N, 233,55 kg P, 236,25 kg K (80% of recommendations); P5 = 179.4 kg N, 217,6 kg P, 210,0 kg K (70% of recommendations). The results of the study indicated that the interaction of NPK fertilizer dosage and population density had no different effect on the growth and yield components of shallot from TSS. The difference in population density showed a significant effect on the number of leaves aged 15, 30 and 45 DAP. While fertilizer dosage were not significant effect on plant height and leaf number at aged 30 and 45 DAP. The percentage of Fusarium wilt disease and the population of larvae Spodoptera were quite high in a population of 200 plants/m².The wet and dry weight of tubers (grams per clump and per plot) were higher at population of 133 plants/m²(J3), namely 1586.67 gram/plot than the other population treatments and significantly different with the population at J1 and J2. While wet weight of tubers per plot were higher at fertilizer dosage of 224,25 kg N, 259,5 kg P, 262,5 kg K (P3, namely 1588.89 gram/plot than the other fertilizer dosage and significantly different with fertilizer dosage at P1 and P5, but not significantly different with fertilizer at P4 and P5. The technology of shallot Proliga from seed is technically feasible to be developed because of its high productivity and benefit to farmers

Climatic Factors and Density of Aedes sp. Larvae on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

2026-09-02T21:20:35+07:00

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a public health concern in endemic areas, including Labuh Baru Timur Subdistrict, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City, which is characterized by a tropical climate and high population density. This study aims to describe the influence of climatic factors and Aedes spp. larval density on the incidence of DHF in Pekanbaru City. This research employed a quantitative descriptive and observational approach with a survey design. Data on DHF incidence were obtained from the Disease Prevention and Control Division (P2PM) of the Pekanbaru City Health Office for the period January 2023 to December 2024. Climatic data, including air temperature, rainfall, and humidity, were sourced from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Pekanbaru City. Measurement of Aedes spp. larval density was conducted in Labuh Baru Timur Subdistrict, Payung Sekaki District, in November 2025, involving 110 households selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed an increase in DHF cases from 291 cases in 2023 to 517 cases in 2024, with two reported deaths. The pattern of DHF incidence fluctuated, with peaks occurring in the early and mid-2024. Climatic conditions, including air temperatures ranging from 25.9–28.0°C, rainfall between 93.9–507.7 mm, and humidity levels of 79–91%, were conducive to vector breeding. Larval density indices indicated a House Index of 54.5%, Container Index of 23.5%, and Breteau Index of 91.8%. The Density Figure ranged from 6 to 7, indicating high larval density and a high risk of DHF transmission. The Larva-Free Index was recorded at 45.5%. This study underscores the need for sustainable DHF control through climate-based mosquito breeding site eradication and enhanced community participation.

Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, climatic factors; larval density ; Aedes sp.

The Performance of Several Superior Local Avocado Varieties in Lampung, Indonesia

2026-09-02T21:20:09+07:00

Avocado (Persea americana) is one of the fruit commodities with high economic value. Avocados are popular because of their delicious taste and many health benefits. Lampung Province is one of the provinces with the highest avocado production in Indonesia, with various names or varieties. The aim of this study is to identify the potential and introduce the morphological characteristics of five local Lampung avocado varieties that have received registration certificates from PPVTPP (Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing) in Jakarta as an avocado germplasm source in Indonesia. The five local avocado varieties used are Lumbok, Ratu Puan, Sewu Jadi, Kastani, and Sipit Klawi to obtain qualitative characteristic data on stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed morphology. Meanwhile, quantitative characteristics are mainly for leaf, fruit, and seed size by creating 4 groups as repetitions, each group consisting of 10 units for leaves, 3 units for fruits, and seeds arranged using a randomized block design. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan's test at a 5% significance level to observe differences between varieties. Based on their qualitative characteristics, the five varieties are almost the same, with only slight differences in the color and shape of the fruit. Meanwhile, based on the quantitative characteristics of fruit value, the Ratu Puan avocado is the best, having the highest edible fruit value at 84.80%, significantly different from the other four varieties. The weight per fruit and the thickness of the Ratu Puan avocado's flesh are not significantly different. The Lumbok avocado from West Lampung has the highest nutritional content of fat (4.41%), carbohydrates (18.99%), and sugar (15.40%) compared to the other avocado varieties.

PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN ELEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING: A SCOPING REVIEW

2026-09-02T21:19:48+07:00

Literature reviews play an important role in identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing the development of knowledge within a particular field of study. This article aims to present a literature review on pedagogical interaction in elementary Social Studies education by identifying (1) research objectives, (2) key findings, (3) forms of pedagogical interaction, and (4) the dimensions of pedagogical interaction examined in the literature. This study employed a Scoping Review methodology following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The literature search was conducted using Publish or Perish across the Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA databases for articles published between 2021 and 2026. A total of 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using a descriptive thematic approach. The findings indicate that research on pedagogical interaction has evolved from teacher-centered communication toward a multidimensional, collaborative, reflective, and technology-supported learning ecosystem. Four major forms of pedagogical interaction were identified: teacher student interaction, student student interaction, student technology interaction, and student community interaction. In addition, four core dimensions of pedagogical interaction emerged from the literature: engagement, pedagogical dialogue, co-construction of knowledge, and reflection. These findings provide a conceptual foundation for the development of a Pedagogical Interaction Model to strengthen Social Studies instruction in elementary teacher education.

The Relationship between Self-Control and Digital Fatigue and Their Influence on Mindfulness in Gadget Users

2026-09-02T22:25:38+07:00

This study aims to determine the influence of self-control and digital fatigue on mindfulness among active gadget users. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 101 respondents comprising adolescents and young adults who actively use gadgets. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed online using Google Forms with a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS through validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and coefficient of determination analysis.
The results showed that self-control had a significant effect on digital fatigue with a significance value of 0.011 < 0.05. Furthermore, digital fatigue had a significant effect on mindfulness with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Meanwhile, technology usage habits did not significantly affect mindfulness. Simultaneous testing indicated that self-control, technology usage habits, and digital fatigue collectively had a significant effect on mindfulness with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.244 indicated that the independent variables explained 24.4% of the variance in mindfulness, while the remaining 75.6% was influenced by other variables outside this study.