The Effect of Fermentation Duration of Cocoa Pulp Waste Bioherbicide (Theobroma cacao L.) on the Mortality Rate of Sweet Potato Weeds (Borreria latifolia)
Abstract
A substantial population of weeds represents a significant threat to human well-being, thus necessitating measures for their regulation and management. As public consciousness regarding the significance of environmental sustainability grows, there is a corresponding rise in the public's call for farming methods that are environmentally conscious and for agricultural products that are safer for consumption. An alternate approach to managing agricultural and plantation weed growth involves the utilization of bioherbicides derived from the liquid waste of cocoa pulp (Theobroma cacao L.). In this research, a Non-Factorial, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was utilized to investigate the impact of varying fermentation times on different Cocoa Pulp Liquid Waste. The treatments included F0 as the control, F1 with 1 week of fermentation, F2 with 2 weeks of fermentation, F3 with 3 weeks of fermentation, and F4 with 4 weeks of fermentation, each with 6 replications. A total of 30 treatment units were observed, each containing 5 plants, resulting in 150 polybags of potato weeds (Borreria latifolia) being utilized in the study. The observational data were subjected to analysis through the Kruskal-Wallis method. In instances where the test yielded significant outcomes, the analysis proceeded with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of α = 5%. The assessment of weed poisoning levels was conducted visually daily over fourteen days following the application of Cocoa Pulp Bioherbicide. This assessment utilized a scoring system based on percentage estimates as outlined by the Pesticide Commission (2000), categorized as follows: 0 = No poisoning; 0-5% exhibiting abnormal leaf shape or color; 1 = Mild poisoning, 5-10% abnormal leaf shape or color; 2 = Moderate poisoning, 10-20% abnormal leaf shape or color; 3 = Severe poisoning, 20-50% abnormal leaf shape or color; 4 = Very severe poisoning, exceeding 50% abnormal leaf shape or color, leading to drying, leaf drop, and eventual plant death. The findings indicated that the fermentation period for the Bioherbicide Liquid Waste derived from Cocoa Pulp (Theobroma cacao L.) was three weeks, which significantly enhanced the mortality rate of Potato weeds (Borreria latifolia), achieving a maximum death rate of 20% (classified as moderate) and demonstrating effectiveness at seven days post-application (HSA).Downloads
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