Induction and Regeneration of Ginger Callus (Zingiber officinale) in Malaysia by Administration of 2,4 D and NAA
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in food and health industries. This study, conducted at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in September 2024, aimed to assess the impact of hormone concentrations on ginger callus yield and regeneration. The study employed a factorial design with two factors and three replications. The first factor involved MS 24-D media at doses of 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L. The second factor included Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) at doses of 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was also used as an additional growth regulator hormone to influence callus formation. The results indicated that growth regulator hormones such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24-D), NAA, and TDZ significantly enhanced callus formation efficiency, increasing callus weight. NAA treatment was particularly effective in increasing callus weight. The phenolic content analysis revealed that brown callus exhibited strong defense mechanisms due to a high accumulation of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds, known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, enhance plant resilience to environmental stress and hold promise for pharmacological applications. Incorporating TDZ in ginger culture demonstrates the potential for improving callus quality with high phenolic content, offering opportunities for agricultural applications.
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