Screening for Resistance in New Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes to Downy Mildew (Peronosclerospora spp.)
Abstract
Downy mildew in maize plants (Peronosclerospora spp.) is a major disease that reduces maize productivity. The use of resistant varieties is a sustainable solution for managing the development of this disease. This research seeks to evaluate the resistance of hybrid maize genotypes to downy mildew under strong natural infection pressure in an endemic field environment. The study was conducted from July to October 2024 in an area endemic to maize downy mildew, namely Rambai Village, South Pariaman District, Pariaman City, West Sumatra Province. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. A total of 22 maize genotypes were used in this study, comprising 20 test genotypes and 2 comparison varieties: the P32 maize hybrid and the Sukmaraga composite. Downy mildew screening was performed using spreader rows as the inoculum source. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on a randomized block design, and mean comparisons were performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level when genotype effects were significant. The results showed that genotype effects on disease incidence and severity were significant at 21 and 35 days after planting, but not significant at 28 and 42 days after planting. Nine test genotypes were classified as very resistant, while the remaining eleven test genotypes and the two check varieties were classified as resistant. Genotype G8 was classified as very resistant, with the lowest incidence (19.67%) and severity (5.96%). Other genotypes classified as very resistant were HUA18 (G18), HUA1 (G1), HUA15 (G15), HUA9 (G9), HUA2 (G2), HUA19 (G19), HUA16 (G16), and HUA6 (G6). These findings suggest that genotypes classified as very resistant and resistant should be further evaluated, particularly through preliminary yield trials to assess plant performance and yield potential.
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