JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Identification of The Causes of Base Rot Disease of Palm Oil in Two Villages in Kampar and Siak Districts of Riau Province

2025-01-07T15:41:23+07:00

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important plantation crop in Indonesia including in Riau Province. Palm oil productivity in Riau has decreased due to several factors, one of which is disease. An important disease in palm oil plantations is stem base rot (BPB) caused by the fungus Ganoderma sp. This study aims to identify the causes of BPB disease of palm oil in Deli Makmur Village, Kampar Regency and Jati Baru Village, Siak Regency. This research was conducted using survey and observation methods in palm oil plantations in two villages in Kampar and Siak Districts. The identification of pathogens was carried out based on morphological characteristics by making macroscopic and microscopic observations. Initial diagnosis based on symptoms and signs palm oil plants found in Deli Makmur Village and in Jati Baru Village showed symptoms of stem base rot (BPB). The results of morphological identification show that the pathogen causing BPB disease is Ganoderma sp. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the two Ganoderma sp. fungal isolates are slightly different, where the fungal isolate from Deli Makmur Village mycelium grows sideways, has a smooth and very thick texture, there are concentric rings, crystals and cuticular cells. While the mushroom isolate from Jati Baru Village mycelium grows sideways, has a fine texture, is quite thick, and there are no ring-shaped concentric, crystals and cuticular cells.

Isolation and Potential Test of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Mangrove Plants (Rhizophora mucronata Poir) as Isolates for Biofertilizer

2025-01-07T17:04:00+07:00

Mangrove forests play a significant role in environmental sustainability, particularly in their capacity to mitigate coastal erosion caused by seawater intrusion. Specifically, mangrove plants possess the ability to stabilize coastal land by retaining seawater, thereby preventing erosion along shorelines. This study aims to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and evaluate their potential from the rhizosphere of mangrove plants. The research was conducted at the Central Laboratory of the Stiper Agricultural Institute in Yogyakarta, located in Maguwoharjo, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, with sampling carried out at Baros Beach in Kretek District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The study was conducted from January to February 2024. A descriptive research methodology was employed, including sterilizing tools and materials, media preparation, sampling, bacterial isolation, and identification. The analysis involved macroscopic and microscopic observations, measurement of the phosphate solubility index, and biochemical testing. The findings revealed a total of 16 bacterial isolates from five species of mangroves, specifically within the genera Streptococcus and Paracoccus. Notably, the isolate designated as SC 1 exhibited the highest phosphate solubility index, measuring 6.20 mm, indicating its potential for phosphate solubilization.

Potential of Scallion Population (Allium fistulosum L.) in Intercropping Pattern with Katokkon Chili and Poc Type in Increasing Productivity

2025-01-07T16:57:17+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of the spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) population in an intercropping pattern with Katokkon chilli (Capsicum annuum L. var. sinensis) and the type of Plant Organic Compost (POC) on plant productivity. The research was conducted from February to September 2024 in Lilikira Village, Nanggala District, North Toraja Regency. A two-factor factorial design was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was the intercropping planting pattern, which consisted of three levels: TS1 (Katokkon intercropped with one row of spring onions), TS2 (Katokkon intercropped with two rows of spring onions), and TS3 (Katokkon intercropped with three rows of spring onions). The second factor was the type of POC, which included three levels: P0 (control), P1 (banana tuber POC), and P2 (krokot POC). The results showed that the intercropping pattern of spring onions with a population of 20 spring onions per plot with Katokkon chili combined with the type of banana tuber POC had a significant effect on the variables of Katokkon chili, namely flowering age, number of productive branches, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per plot, fruit weight per plant and fruit weight per plot. The intercropping pattern of spring onions with a population of 20 spring onions per plot with Katokkon chili combined with the type of banana tuber POC had a significant effect on the variables of spring onions, namely the number of leaves at 8 weeks after planting, the number of shoots, weight per clump and weight of clump per plot.

Characteristics of Soil Chemical Properties and Soil Fertility in Land Types in Several Villages of North Rantau District, Labuhanbatu Regency

2025-01-07T17:01:46+07:00

Soil chemical characteristics and fertility status are crucial for evaluating potential obstacles to using land for agricultural purposes and plantations. This study aimed to assess soil’s chemical properties and fertility status in home gardens and agricultural land across several sub-districts in the Rantau Utara District. The experiment was conducted over three months, from September 2024 to November 2024, in the sub-districts of Aek Paing, Pulo Padang, Padang Matinggi, Rantauprapat, and Sirandorung. A survey methodology was employed, followed by composite soil sampling at 0-20 cm depth. The composite soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory, measuring parameters such as soil pH, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable base cations, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. Data were analyzed using the soil chemical status assessment criteria and soil fertility assessment criteria established by the Bogor Soil Research Center. The results indicated that: (1) the chemical properties of the soil in home gardens and agricultural land across various sub-districts in Rantau Utara District exhibited a soil pH ranging from very acidic to acidic, organic carbon content varying from low to high, total nitrogen levels classified as low to moderate, C/N ratios from moderate to high, available phosphorus levels from very low to moderate, CEC classified as relatively very low, and base cations categorized as very low to moderate. Furthermore, the chemical fertility status of the soil in agricultural land across these sub-districts was classified as very low to low.

Effectiveness of AB MIX and Patents to Increase Microgreen Ercis Plant Yields

2025-01-11T22:35:14+07:00

Microgreens are young vegetables recognized for their robust flavor and high nutritional content, including beneficial antioxidants that promote health. Peas show great potential as a microgreen because they can be harvested multiple times. This study aims to evaluate the effects of AB mix nutrients and patented fertilizers on the growth and yield of microgreen plants. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, over the course of one month in June 2024. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors: the provision of AB mix (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm) and Patent (immune patent 1 + patent fertilizer 1, immune patent 2 + patent fertilizer 1, immune patent 1 + patent fertilizer 2). The parameters observed were Plant Height, Root Length, Economic Wet Weight. In terms of interaction, there was no significant effect but the main effect was significant on the parameters of height, root length, economic wet weight. The best treatment of AB mix at a concentration of 300 ppm and the best treatment of paten at a comparative dose of paten imun 1 + paten fertilizer 2

Growth Performance of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in The Productive Phase of Plant in North Labuhanbatu District

2025-01-07T17:16:23+07:00

This study describes the condition of rejuvenated oil palm plants, the factors influencing their growth and the improvement efforts that can be undertaken to enhance oil palm productivity. The research was conducted on the institutional land of smallholders participating in the community oil palm rejuvenation program (PSR) that had entered the productive plant period (TM) in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The research location was determined by the agroclimatic typology reason, one of which was determined by the representative altitude. The research location was carried out in 3 locations with different altitudes, including Kuala Beringin Village, Kualuh Hulu District (100-115 masl), Pulo Jantan Village, NA IX-X District (32-38 masl) Terang Bulan Village, Aek Natas District (12-17 masl). The study results showed the growth performance of oil palm in the productive plant phase (TM) in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The selection of research locations was based on agroclimatic typology, particularly representative altitude. The study was carried out in three locations with varying altitudes: Kuala Beringin Village in Kualuh Hulu District (100-115 meters above sea level), Pulo Jantan Village in NA IX-X District (32-38 meters above sea level), and Terang Bulan Village in Aek Natas District (12-17 meters above sea level).

Analysis of Several Chemical Properties during The Incubation Period in the Agrotechnology Cultivation Land of Rantau Selatan District

2025-01-07T17:23:31+07:00

Land management practices primarily influence soil fertility. The utilization of farmer group land at Agrowisata Beken Jaya in Kuantan Senggigi Regency has been ongoing for seven years, employing both inorganic and organic fertilization techniques that are inconsistent or tailored to specific conditions. Therefore, it is essential to assess the soil's current state and chemical properties to promote sustainable agriculture. This study employed a purposive random sampling method for soil collection at 15 drilling points, each at a depth of 20 cm. The parameters analyzed included pH, organic carbon (C-organic), total nitrogen (N-total), and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The research findings indicate that oil palm soil exhibits lower pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen levels than shrub soil, with an average pH of 4.44 versus 4.63, C-organic 0.96% versus 1.19%, and N-total 1.05% versus 1.18%. The low C/N ratio (<10) observed in both soil types suggests rapid decomposition but indicates a low carbon content. This study aimed to determine the chemical characteristics of the soil in cultivated land, providing a foundation for future fertilization recommendations. The findings are particularly beneficial for the community and students, as they enhance understanding of the current state of soil fertility—reason: Improved clarity, vocabulary, and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.

Potential of Trenggulun Leaf Essential Oil as an Attractant for Fruit Fly (Bactrocera sp) Pests in Cayyene Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Plants

2025-01-07T20:34:20+07:00

Fruit flies are the main pests of cayenne pepper. One of the environmentally friendly ways to control is with attractants. The research method used is a Group Randomize Desigen (RGD) factorial pattern with two treatment factors. The first factor is the concentration of trenggulun leaf essential oil which consists of four levels, namely K1=concentration of 0,50 ml, K2=concentration of 0,60 ml, K3=concentration of 0,70 ml, K4=concentration of 0,80 ml. The second factor is the application time (W) which consists of three levels, namely W1= application time every 7 days, W2= application time every 10 days, W3= application time every 14 days. This study aims to determine the most effective concentration and application time. The types of fruit flies trapped are female Bactrocera dorsalis, male Bactrocera dorsalis and female Bactrocera umbrosa. The most effective application time is 10 days with a concentration of 0.80 ml of essential oil. The number of female fruit flies trapped is more than male fruit flies because the content of essential oil compounds of trenggulun leaves contains β ocimen which is an attractant for female fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera umbrosa.

Evaluate The Effect of Different Concentrations of Gibberelin (GA3) on The Gemination and Early Seedling Growth of F1 Hybird Cucumber Cucumis sativus in Malaysia

2025-01-08T21:32:53+07:00

Conditions and factors that can influence the development of cucumber cultivation in Malaysia are climate and soil because Malaysia has a warm and humid climate, ideal for growing cucumbers. Farmers' cultivation methods often use hydroponic techniques and planting systems in open fields. Providing gibberellin to cucumber plants can be a solution to overcome several problems that cause suboptimal production. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3) on the germination and initial growth of F1 hybrid cucumber seeds. This research method was prepared in a Non-Factoral Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in 4 replications which were repeated once. The first factor is without concentration (control), (200 ppm), (500 ppm), (800 ppm). The gibberellin concentration can significantly influence all cucumber growth parameters, except for the root length of cucumber plants. The best treatment is P3 (500 ppm).

Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) of Green Beans (Vigna radiata L.) with Combination of Organic Fertilizers in Ultisol Soil

2025-01-08T21:39:56+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the interaction between organic fertilizer on the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) of mung beans grown in Ultisol soil. The research was conducted in Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, from July to October 2024. The experimental design was a factorial, completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor consisted of different doses of bamboo leaf compost fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 g/plant), while the second factor included various concentrations of tofu liquid waste POC (0, 25%, 50%, and 75%). Statistical analysis was performed using variance analysis followed by the Honest Real Difference Test (BNJ) at a significance level of 5%. The results indicated that the interaction between bamboo leaf compost fertilizer and tofu liquid waste POC significantly influenced the plants' relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. The most effective treatment was observed with 150 g/plant of bamboo leaf compost fertilizer combined with 75% concentration of tofu liquid waste. Furthermore, the main effect of bamboo leaf compost fertilizer was significant on RGR and NAR, with the optimal treatment being 150 g/plant. Similarly, the main effect of tofu liquid waste was significant on RGR and NAR, with the best treatment observed at a 75% concentration.

Morphological Characteristics of Leaf Color and Leaf Shape of Soybean Variety Anjasmoro (Glycine max (L.) Merril) under Water Stress

2025-01-08T21:46:12+07:00

Anjasmoro soybean variety exhibits intolerance to water stress, which can significantly impact the growth of soybean plants, particularly concerning leaf morphological characteristics. This study aims to assess the effects of water stress on the leaf color and leaf shape of the Anjasmoro soybean variety. The research was conducted from June to July 2024 at the Gauze House of Food Crop Agribusiness at SMKN 1 Tambusai, Rokan Hulu, and the Integrated Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program at the Faculty of Agriculture, Pasir Pengaraian University. The materials utilized in this study included Anjasmoro soybean seeds, soil, 35 x 40 cm polybags, and 15 kg of goat manure. This investigation employed a Non-Factorial, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), focusing on the variable of water stress (P) with three replications. The water stress treatments consisted of four levels: P0: 25% field capacity (KL) water stress applied twice daily, P1: 25% KL water stress applied twice daily, P2: 25% KL water stress applied once every three days, and P3: 25% KL water stress applied once every six days. The results indicated that water stress did not significantly affect the leaf color and leaf shape of the Anjasmoro soybean variety in the P0, P1, and P2 treatments. However, the P3 treatment resulted in observable leaf color and shape changes. These findings suggest that the Anjasmoro soybean variety has a low drought tolerance.

Identification and Diversity of Mycorrhizae in Several Rhizospheres of Plant Vegetation in Ultisol Land

2025-01-08T22:00:33+07:00

The poor fertility of ultisol soil hinders the cultivation of food, horticultural crops, and plantation crop nurseries, leading to the abandonment of many lands. Low fertility and productivity levels and high solubility of Al, Mn, and Fe characterize ultisol soil. One effective method to enhance soil properties is by utilizing arbuscular mycorrhiza. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in improving nutrient and water absorption, thereby enhancing the growth potential of AMF-infected roots and plants. This study aims to identify the types and diversity of mycorrhizae present in the rhizosphere of plants growing in Ultisol soil. The study employed an exploratory approach involving the collection of soil and plant samples, analysing soil, and identifying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Ultisol vegetation. The results revealed the presence of AMF in the rhizospheres of various plant species, including Seduduk, Harendong, Kirinyuh, Alang-Alang, and Paku Resam. Three mycorrhizal genera were identified, namely Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora.

Optimization of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Concentration of Banana Stem on Cucumber Plant Growth (Cucumis sativus L)

2025-01-08T22:07:24+07:00

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a vegetable from the Cucurbitaceae family. Cucumbers are fruit vegetables that offer numerous benefits in people’s daily lives, leading to a high demand for this commodity. This fruit is popular across all levels of society, necessitating a relatively large and sustainable supply. This study examined the growth of cucumber plants under the influence of banana stem liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The research employed a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two replications to assess how banana stem LOF impacts the growth of cucumber plants. Six treatment doses were used: 0 (control), 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%. The results revealed that plants treated with a 200ml dose of LOF exhibited a higher growth rate than other doses. At the same plant age, the tallest plants were observed at the 200ml dose, while the lowest number of leaves was recorded at the 0 dose. The study identified that applying a 200ml dose of LOF at 5MST significantly impacted plant growth compared to other treatments. The findings suggest that a 200ml dose of banana stem LOF is highly suitable for promoting the growth of cucumber plants. These results can serve as a guideline for achieving optimal cucumber plant growth.

Optimizing Oil Palm Seedling Growth (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the main nursery using NPK fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer

2025-01-08T22:14:43+07:00

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a valuable plantation commodity with promising development prospects. This research investigated the interaction between NPK fertilizer application and mycorrhizal biofertilizer on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery on Ultisol soil. The study was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 (P) with three levels: P1 = 33 g per plant, P2 = 40 g per plant, and P3 = 47 g per plant. The second factor was Mycorrhizal biofertilizer (M) with three levels: M0 = Control, M1 = 20 g per plant, and M2 = 40 g per plant. The parameters measured included plant height, corm diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry weight of seedlings, and percentage of roots infected with mycorrhiza. Statistical analysis was performed using variance analysis and an honest significant difference test at the 5% level using the SAS application. The results indicated that applying NPK fertilizer at a dose of 40 g per plant significantly increased plant height, corm diameter, leaf area, root volume, and dry weight of seedlings. Urea fertilizer at a dose of 3 g per plant also positively influenced plant height, corm diameter, leaf area, and dry weight of seedlings. Mycorrhizal biofertilizer at a dose of 20 g per plant resulted in increased plant height, corm diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry weight of seedlings, and percentage of roots infected with mycorrhiza. The combination of NPK fertilizer at a dose of 40 g and mycorrhizal biofertilizer at a dose of 20 g per plant showed significant improvements in plant height, corm diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry weight of seedlings, and percentage of roots infected with mycorrhiza.

Diversity of Seedling Species as an Indicator of Natural Regeneration in the Imbo Putui Customary Forest, Riau Province

2025-01-08T22:20:16+07:00

Biodiversity is crucial for meeting the diverse needs of living organisms. As the human population grows, so do the demands on forests. Without proper management, large-scale exploitation of forest resources is risky. To ensure the sustainability of nature, it is essential to implement regeneration patterns in forest areas, such as natural regeneration. This study aimed to assess plant regeneration in the Imbo Putui Customary Forest area in Kampar Regency. The research utilized Systematic Sampling with Random Start to record seedlings in the study plot. Data analysis included the Important Value Index (INP), Species Diversity Index, Evenness Index, and Species Richness Index. The study identified 27 plant species, with Lalan (Santiria laevigata) being the dominant species. The diversity and species richness indices indicated moderate results, while the evenness index showed high evenness levels.

Induction and Regeneration of Ginger Callus (Zingiber officinale) in Malaysia by Administration of 2,4 D and NAA

2025-01-08T22:25:52+07:00

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in food and health industries. This study, conducted at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in September 2024, aimed to assess the impact of hormone concentrations on ginger callus yield and regeneration. The study employed a factorial design with two factors and three replications. The first factor involved MS 24-D media at doses of 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L. The second factor included Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) at doses of 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, and 5.0 mg/L. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was also used as an additional growth regulator hormone to influence callus formation. The results indicated that growth regulator hormones such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24-D), NAA, and TDZ significantly enhanced callus formation efficiency, increasing callus weight. NAA treatment was particularly effective in increasing callus weight. The phenolic content analysis revealed that brown callus exhibited strong defense mechanisms due to a high accumulation of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds, known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, enhance plant resilience to environmental stress and hold promise for pharmacological applications. Incorporating TDZ in ginger culture demonstrates the potential for improving callus quality with high phenolic content, offering opportunities for agricultural applications.

Exploration and Identification of Banana Plant Morphology on Pagai Island, Mentawai Regency

2025-01-08T22:30:43+07:00

Pagai Island is recognized as one of the primary centers for banana cultivation in West Sumatra. To date, the banana resources on Pagai Island have not been adequately exploited, raising concerns regarding the potential loss of germplasm if these resources are not conserved and managed effectively. The management of genetic resources can be achieved through germplasm collection via exploration activities. This study aims to provide information on the distribution and diversity of bananas on Pagai Island, located in the Mentawai Islands Regency. The research was conducted from July to November 2024. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling methods, and morphological characterization was conducted utilizing the 1996 IPGRI descriptors. The distribution of bananas is illustrated through a distribution map generated from coordinate point data using the ArcGIS 10.8 application. In contrast, the morphological characterization data is represented as a dendrogram created with the Ntsys Ver 2.02 application. The exploration yielded 22 banana accessions. Morphological characterization focused on various traits, including pseudostem tapering, anthocyanin coloration of the pseudostem, crown compactness, growth habit of the plant, petiole attitude, wing presence at the base, midrib color on the lower side of the leaf blade, leaf blade base shape, Waxiness on the lower side of the leaf blade, glossiness on the upper side of the leaf blade, and peduncle curvature. The results indicated that among the 22 banana accessions, the similarity level ranged from 42% to 100%.

Resistance of Aphids (Aphis gossypii) to Different Types and Concentrations of Synthetic Insecticides

2025-01-09T21:41:54+07:00

Aphids (Aphis gossypii) are the primary pests that attack agricultural land in Indonesia. In addition to being pests, aphids can act as plant disease vectors. Controlling this pest is essential to increase crop productivity and maintain economic value. Farmers typically use synthetic insecticides for pest control. However, the continuous use of synthetic insecticides can lead to aphids developing resistance. This study aims to assess the resistance levels of aphids in Serang City to various synthetic insecticides. The study utilized five synthetic insecticide active ingredients: carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and flupyradifurone, at concentrations of 5%, 50%, 95%, and 100%. The study measured LT50, LT99, and LC50 values for each synthetic insecticide and observed morphological changes in aphids. The results indicated that aphids in agricultural areas of Serang sub-district, Serang City, showed resistance to organophosphate insecticides. Additionally, aphids in Cipocok sub-district, Serang City, were suspected of developing resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Higher concentrations of insecticides resulted in faster pest mortality. Based on the LC50 values, carbamate and neonicotinoid insecticides are recommended for controlling aphid pests (Aphis gossypii). The study also observed changes in behavior and morphology of aphid pests following insecticide application.

The Effectiveness of Planting based on The Number of Seeds in Increasing The Adaptability and Productivity of Sweet Corn

2025-01-09T21:48:11+07:00

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the number of seeds per planting hole on the productivity and adaptability of sweet corn varieties. Using a nested research design, eight Indonesian commercial sweetcorn varieties were tested with variations in the number of seeds per planting hole. Results showed that plant height ranged from 144.86 cm to 191.66 cm, with the BN 44 variety having the highest height. However, seed number treatment did not significantly affect plant height, stem diameter, or leaf count. Meanwhile, the highest productivity is achieved by the Talenta and Bonanza 9 F1 varieties at the treatment of one seed per hole, as well as the Prima variety at the treatment of two seeds. These findings emphasize the importance of variety selection in the management of sweet corn cultivation and show that although seed numbers are insignificant, the right variety can improve crop yields. The implications of this research are important for the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural strategies and can contribute to food security through increased sweet corn productivity.

Effectiveness of Corn (Zea mays ssp L. var. Saccharata) Seed Harvesting Speed Using a Mini Combine Harvester in Corn Seed Production

2025-01-09T21:57:03+07:00

Malaysia's animal feed production exceeds demand, accounting for about 45-65% of the composition of most feed products. In Malaysia, grain corn imports increased from approximately 2.5 million tonnes in 2000 to 4.0 million tonnes in 2019 for use as animal feed. This experiment was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang, from June 2018 to the end of February 2020, using a Worldstar 7.0 PLUS (WS7.0PLUS) mini combine harvester. The basic operation of this mini combine harvester is similar to the Kubota mini combine harvester, which is widely used for paddy and grain corn harvesting. During the harvesting process, three methods were employed to test the speed of the mini combine harvester. Although this harvester is capable of harvesting four rows at once, considerations about potential plant losses necessitated harvesting only three rows for the purposes of this study. The harvester’s speed directly affected the loss rate and work efficiency, depending on the soil surface conditions in the test plot. Harvesting losses were categorized into two types: losses on the cutting table and losses during seed separation. Losses on the cutting table occurred in front of the harvester during the cutting process and were measured by collecting plants left in each row after the harvester passed. Losses during separation occurred when plant seeds fell behind the machine during the separation process, and these were measured by collecting samples using a 2 m x 2 m PVC quadrant placed behind the machine. The total losses due to the cutting table and separation system during harvesting using the mini combine harvester ranged from 2.45% to 6.43%. Each harvester speed produced varying results, significantly affecting the overall loss rate and efficiency of the operation.

Effectiveness of Biological Agents in Improving the Growth of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frustescens) in Alfisol Soil

2025-01-09T22:07:19+07:00

Tuban Regency is a major center for cayenne pepper production, but it is currently experiencing a decline in production due to the shrinking productive land area. As a result, farmers are opening new land in forest areas dominated by alkaline alfisol soil that lacks phosphorus elements. This study investigates the impact of biological agents Bacillus subtilis and CMA on the growth of cayenne pepper plants in alfisol soil. The study utilized a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications, resulting in a total of 24 beds: A0 (Control); A1 (SP-36); A2 (Bacillus subtilis); A3 (CMA); A4 (SP-36 + Bacillus subtilis); A5 (SP-36 + CMA); A6 (Bacillus subtilis + CMA); A7 (SP-36 + Bacillus subtilis + CMA). Plant growth measurements included dry weight, net assimilation rate, and crop growth rate (CGR). The research findings indicate that the combination of biological agents Bacillus subtilis and CMA in the A7 treatment (SP-36 + Bacillus subtilis + CMA) had the most significant impact on the growth of cayenne pepper plants across all parameters. This was confirmed by the results of the BNT test, which showed improvements in dry weight (23.253 grams), net assimilation rate (2.7950), and crop growth rate (9.790).

The Impact of Implementing Agarwood Agroforestry System (Aquilaria malacensis Lamk.) on Soil Texture, Topsoil Depth, and Water Retention Capacity in Oil Palm Lands (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2025-01-11T12:24:12+07:00

The impact of implementing an agroforestry system in oil palm plantations by integrating agarwood-producing plants (Aquilaria Malacensis Lamk.) with oil palm plants on the physical properties of the soil needs to be assessed. This study is crucial due to the shared land use by agarwood-producing and oil palm plants. The study aims to evaluate the effects of integrating agarwood-producing plants into oil palm plantations on soil physical properties, including soil texture, topsoil depth, and water retention capacity. The research was conducted from September 2024 to November 2024 in agroforestry land (1 ha) and monoculture land (1 ha) in Bukit Kemuning Village, Tapung Hulu Kampar - Riau. The study utilized survey methods and systematic sampling for soil sample collection. The findings indicated that the agroforestry system positively impacted soil physical properties, with improved soil texture (54.67% sandy clay), increased topsoil depth, and enhanced water retention capacity compared to oil palm monoculture land. This improvement can be attributed to the higher organic matter content resulting from the decomposition of agarwood plant litter. Therefore, the agroforestry system enhances soil fertility and promotes sustainable environmental management.

Effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application of Lamtoro Leaves and Quail Manure Fertilizer on Melon Plants (Cucumis melo L) Growth and Production

2025-01-10T16:43:14+07:00

The melon crop commodity has great potential to meet public demand. One way to improve melon quality is using organic fertilizer, which enhances soil properties and provides plant nutrients. This study utilized a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the POC of Lamtoro leaves (L) with 4 levels: 0 ml/1L water/plot, 200 ml/1L water/plot, and 400 ml/1L water/plot. The second factor was quail manure with 4 levels: 0 kg/plot, 1 kg/plot, 2 kg/plot, and 3 kg/plot. Parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, stem diameter, fruit diameter per sample, fruit weight per sample plant, and fruit weight per plot. The results showed that applying POC fertilizer from Lamtoro leaves and quail manure had no significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, and stem diameter. However, it had a significant effect on fruit weight per sample plant, a very significant effect on fruit diameter per sample, and fruit weight per plot.

Potential Antioxidant Content of Three Types of Mimosa Weed from Various Plant Parts using The DDPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Method

2025-01-10T17:59:09+07:00

Antioxidants are essential for neutralizing free radical and their presence in plants like mimosa weeds could be beneficial for various applications, include medical uses and agricultural development. This research focus on the potential antioxidant content of mimosa weed species (Mimosa pudica L., Mimosa invisa L., Mimosa pigra L.) from various plant parts (roots, stems, leaves and seed) using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). This study aims to understand the interaction between different types of mimosa weeds and various plant parts in relation to antioxidant activity levels, as well as phytochemical content across the three types of Mimosa sp. using the DPPH method and determine the best-performing weed and plant parts based on the smallest IC50 value and highest phytochemical content. This research was conducted in Padang City. Sample drying and extraction were carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, and phytochemical tests were performed at Vahana Scientific Laboratory Padang. The research took place from February to May 2024. The design used was a factorial Completely Randomize Design (CRD). The first factor is the treatment of Mimosa sp. weed species, namely: Mimosa pudica L., Mimosa invisa L. and Mimosa pigra L. The second factor was the treatment of different parts of the Mimosa sp. Namely: root, stem, leaf and seed. From these two factors, 12 treatment combinations were obtained, each repeated three times, resulting in a total of 36 experimental units. The research data were analyzed statistically with the F test at the 5% level and if F count > F table at 5%, then it continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was an interaction between mimosa weed species and plant parts in terms of antioxidant activity, as indicated by the IC50 values. The strongest antioxidant was found in the leaves of Mimosa pigra L., with an antioxidant value of 41.89 mg/L.

Optimizing Eco-enzyme Dosage on Kale (Brassica oleracea) Growth and Production

2025-01-14T12:33:14+07:00

Kale, a member of the cabbage family, is currently witnessing an increase in popularity; however, this heightened interest is not reflected in production levels, primarily due to the excessive application of inorganic fertilizers. To mitigate this challenge, implementing organic fertilizers, such as eco-enzymes, may enhance kale yield. A research study was carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture at Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta from June to October 2022. The study employed a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with six varying doses of eco enzymes, ranging from a control group to 50 mL per plant. Each treatment was replicated four times, with three plants allocated to each experimental unit. The parameters assessed included the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, gross weight, consumption weight, and root length. Data analysis, utilizing variance (F test) and the DMRT test at a 5% significance level, indicated that varying doses of eco enzymes had a significant impact on plant height, leaf length, gross weight, and consumption weight while showing no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf width, and root length of the kale plants.

Exploration of Citrus Germplasm in Mount Leuser National Park Region

2025-01-14T12:41:03+07:00

Citrus holds significant economic value and nutritional benefits in Indonesia, with varieties like lemon, mandarin orange, and grapefruit being extensively grown for consumption and industrial purposes. The diversity of citrus germplasm plays a crucial role in developing superior varieties that can withstand diseases and environmental changes. This study aimed to assess the diversity of citrus plant germplasm in Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL), North Sumatra, known for its rich biodiversity. The research involved administrative preparations, field surveys to collect citrus samples from various locations in TNGL, morphological and genetic analysis, and the development of improved varieties through plant breeding. The observations revealed that citrus in TNGL belongs to the Rutaceae family, characterized by compound leaves, thorny stems, strong taproots, and fruits resembling Citrus sinensis. These traits indicate adaptation to local conditions and potential for enhancing citrus varieties' adaptability and productivity. This research is anticipated to support the sustainable management of citrus germplasm and will be published in a reputable national journal.

Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn Plants (Zea mays L Var saccharata.) Effect of Providing Various Nitrogen Sources and Pruning Techniques

2025-01-14T12:46:27+07:00

Corn is a vital food component primarily due to its high carbohydrate content. This research examines the effects of various nitrogen sources and pruning methods on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The investigation occurred in Tambon Tunong Village, located in the Dewantara District of North Aceh Regency, and in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture at Malikussaleh University from February to May 2024. A randomized block design (RAK) was employed for the experimental setup, incorporating two main factors: nitrogen sources (ZA fertilizer, HX Nitro fertilizer, and Urea fertilizer) and pruning methods (No Pruning, Pruning at 45 days after sowing (HST), and Pruning at 55 HST). Nine treatment combinations were evaluated, each replicated three times, resulting in 27 experimental units with 15 plants per unit, culminating in 405 plants. The findings indicated that urea fertilizer at 300 kg/ha produced the most favorable results regarding plant height, stem diameter, cob weight, and overall corn yield (10.79 tons/ha). Additionally, pruning at 45 HST resulted in the highest measurements for stem diameter, leaf count, and corn yield (7.81 tons/ha).

Identifying the Potential Medicinal Plants in Tualang District, Siak Regency

2025-01-15T07:15:12+07:00

Many individuals residing in the Tualang District cultivate various medicinal plants; however, a significant portion of the population lacks awareness regarding the specific types and associated therapeutic properties. In general, only parents possess this knowledge. Therefore, further research is necessary to explore the variety and advantages of medicinal plants. The primary objective of this research is to categorize different varieties of therapeutic flora, their advantages, methods of application, and techniques for cultivation within the Tualang District. This research was carried out utilizing a survey methodology, employing various data collection methods, including interviews, and identifying and documenting medicinal plants. The study involved conducting observations and collecting data on the various types of medicinal plants, their associated benefits, methods of utilization, and cultivation practices as practiced by the residents of Tualang District. The data analysis in this research employed quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive methods. The information is displayed in tabular format. The research findings demonstrated that the respondents in Tualang District utilized and cultivated 41 different types of medicinal plants. Participants employed different methods to use medicinal plants. Participants cultivated medicinal plants through stem cuttings, rhizome cuttings, grafting, and direct seed planting. Medicinal plants are maintained through various agricultural practices, including watering, weeding, hilling, fertilizing, and implementing measures to control pests and diseases.

Optimization of Cocoa Rootstock Seedling Growth (Theobroma cacao L.) MCC-02 Clone Using KoHeA+MF Organic Fertilizer Application

2025-01-17T19:24:47+07:00

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a significant plantation crop with considerable economic importance. The beans derived from cocoa are abundant in antioxidants, which play a crucial role in cellular protection and the enhancement of endorphin levels. Given the increasing demand and favorable pricing, the future of cocoa cultivation appears promising. A critical factor influencing cocoa production is the quality of seedlings, particularly the rootstock. The growth of cocoa seedlings is affected by various elements, among which soil fertility stands out as a vital component of the planting medium. The necessary properties for optimal growth can be sourced from organic materials. One such organic amendment is KoHeA + MF organic fertilizer, which has demonstrated effective growth and yield improvements in pak choi. This study aims to formulate recommendations for an optimal planting medium composition that incorporates KoHeA + MF organic fertilizer for the nursery of cocoa rootstocks, ultimately producing high-quality seedlings. The research was conducted over a six-month period, from May to October 2024, at the experimental garden of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, situated at an elevation of approximately 500 meters above sea level. The observed variables included leaf count, plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. The findings indicate that the most effective combination for cultivating the cocoa variety MCC-02 is a soil to KoHeA + MF ratio of 3:1.

Morphological Characteristics and Evaluating Bioactive Compound Extracts of Isotoma longiflora and Clitoria ternatea Plants from Central Kalimantan as Therapeutic Agents

2025-01-24T07:59:41+07:00

Central Kalimantan is characterized by its diverse biological resources, including traditional medicinal plants such as Isotoma longiflora (known as kitolod) and Clitoria ternatea (often called blue pea flower). This research aims to investigate the therapeutic properties of extracts derived from these two plants while also evaluating their efficacy and safety within the public health framework in Central Kalimantan. The study focused on the bioactive compound extracts from Isotoma Longiflora and Clitoria ternatea, both sourced from this region. These plants are recognized for their secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, which offer various pharmacological advantages. Employing exploratory survey techniques alongside laboratory experiments, the research examined the plants’ morphological characteristics and assessed their extracts’ effectiveness on mice infected with Fusarium sp. Findings indicated that the combined extracts significantly lowered the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the infected mice, reducing it from 25.375–33.25 mmHg to nearly normal levels, precisely 12.075–14.575 mmHg. This observed efficacy is attributed to the bioactive compounds’ antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study underscores the potential of Isotoma Longiflora and Clitoria ternatea from Central Kalimantan as viable local plant-based therapeutic agents, thereby contributing to the advancement of herbal medicine and the conservation of biodiversity.

The Effect of Rabbit Urine LOF and NPK Fertilizer on Green Bean Plants (Vigna radiata L.)

2025-01-24T08:08:27+07:00

Green bean plants (Vigna radiata L.) are a staple food crop in Indonesia and are commonly consumed as legume food crops. Based on the Directorate General of Food Crops findings, there has been a decrease in the yield of green bean crops in Riau Province; therefore, measures must be taken to enhance productivity—green bean plant cultivation in the Riau Province. One potential method for improving the productivity of green bean plants involves the application of fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the interaction between liquid organic fertilizer rabbit urine and NPK fertilizer, as well as the individual effects of liquid organic fertilizer rabbit urine and NPK fertilizer, on the growth and yield of green bean plants (Vigna radiata L.) to determine the optimal treatment combination. The findings indicated no statistically significant impact on the development and production of green bean plants due to the combined application of rabbit urine LOF and NPK. The Rabbit urine Point of Concern (LOF) factor substantially impacts plant growth, including height, the abundance of productive branches, the number of full pods, and the weight of dry seeds per plot. The NPK fertilizer factor significantly influences various aspects of plant growth and productivity, including plant height, leaf count, root nodules effectiveness, branch productivity, pod yield, and seed weight per plot. The optimum treatment combination of 200 ml.l^-1 rabbit urine POC and 300 kg.ha^-1 NPK fertilizer has been found to enhance green bean plants' growth and yield significantly.

Increasing Three Soybean Varieties’ Growth and Production by Soaking Using Paclobutrazol

2025-01-24T09:30:31+07:00

Soybeans represent an economically viable source of plant-based protein. This study aimed to assess the impact of paclobutrazol soaking on the growth and yield of three distinct soybean varieties. The investigation was conducted in Sampecita Village, located in the Kutalimbaru District of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, from January to May 2024. An experimental approach was employed, utilizing a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) that included two main treatments: soybean varieties (Dering 1, Dega 1, and Devon 1) and varying concentrations of paclobutrazol soaking (0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm), with each treatment replicated three times. The collected data were analyzed, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The findings indicated that paclobutrazol soaking significantly influenced the growth and yield of soybean plants, particularly affecting plant height, the number of pods per plot, and the weight of 100 seeds. However, parameters such as root length, flowering age, number of productive branches, and number of pods per sample did not exhibit significant changes. The variety treatment had a notable effect on root length, number of productive branches, number of pods per sample, number of pods per plot, and weight of 100 seeds while flowering age and plant height remained unaffected. Notably, the 0 ppm concentration and the Devon 1 variety positively impacted the growth and yield of soybean plants.

Analysis of Weed Vegetation in Oil Palm Plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Bekiun Plantation at PT. Langkat Nusantara Kepong

2025-01-24T09:39:29+07:00

Managing and controlling weeds in oil palm plantations is a crucial undertaking. This research aimed to identify the attributes and categorizations of the prevalent weeds in oil palm crops within the PT plantation. Kepong Bekiun plantation is located in the Kuala district of the Langkat Regency, situated in the North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. The research was carried out from April to July 2024. This research employed the observation method to collect data, which were then analyzed utilizing the understory vegetation analysis method and a purposive sampling technique. The parameters for observation include Relative Density, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, and Important Value Index (INP). The study findings revealed the composition of weed vegetation at the Bekiun Plantation in the 2020 and 2004 planting year blocks. Specifically, the results showed that there were 24 types of weeds present, which included 14 types of broadleaf weeds, 2 types of sedges, 4 types of grasses, and 4 types of ferns. The predominant weed species within the Poaceae family is the grass group, specifically Axonopus compressus. The attributes of grass weeds consist of annual weeds that propagate through vegetative means with stolons and generative means through seeds. The growth of Axonopus compressus weeds is optimal in dry to slightly moist, but not waterlogged, conditions.

Developing Pollinating Insects Bees Honey Apis cerana by applying the Doolittle Method (Queen Rearing)

2025-01-24T10:42:11+07:00

Insects hold significant importance in human life, exhibiting harmful and beneficial effects. Harmful insects, such as plant pests and disease vectors, threaten humans and animals, while beneficial insects contribute positively to human welfare and environmental health. They serve as agents of decomposition, recycle organic materials, and play a crucial role in the pollination of plants. Among these, bees are notable pollinators. Honeybees, in particular, are environmentally friendly insects that substantially benefit humans due to their role in plant pollination. This research was conducted using a Randomized Group Design (RAK) outlined by Steel and Torrie (1993), which involved seven treatments—six consisting of artificial feed and one control group. The findings indicate that the development of Apis cerana honey beekeeping, utilizing the Doolittle method, effectively increased the number of queen cells in royal jelly, with the most successful treatment being E, which had a ratio of 2:1 (200 grams of water to 100 grams of cane sugar). However, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between this treatment and the others

Optimization of Concentration and Frequency of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application on Cherry Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Ruby) Growth and Yield

2025-01-28T21:55:23+07:00

Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Ruby) represent a significant segment of global vegetable production. In Indonesia, there is a notable demand for cherry tomatoes, as they serve dual purposes: they can be enjoyed fresh as a dessert or thirst quencher, and they can also be incorporated into a variety of culinary dishes and beverages. Their distinctive flavor and appearance make them popular for diverse culinary applications. The economic potential of cherry tomatoes is substantial, driven by strong demand in both local and international markets. However, cherry tomato cultivation's low productivity levels do not match this high consumer interest. An alternative approach to enhance productivity is using liquid organic fertilizer (POC), which is rich in various macro and micronutrients. This research aims to assess the impact of different concentrations and application frequencies of Hantu POC on the growth and yield of cherry tomato plants. A factorial randomized block design was employed, focusing on two primary variables: the concentration of Hantu POC (0 ml/l, 5 ml/l, 10 ml/l, and 15 ml/l) and the frequency of application (every 4 days, 7 days, and 10 days). Key parameters measured included plant height, leaf count, fruit quantity, and weight. Findings indicated that a concentration of 10 ml/l applied every 7 days yielded optimal results. Conversely, extending the application beyond 7 days resulted in suboptimal outcomes, with an average plant height of 49.44 cm and a total fruit weight of 311.94 grams. This study underscores the importance of identifying Hantu POC's appropriate concentration and application frequency to enhance cherry tomato production and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Various Planting Media And Concentrations Of Shallot Extract On The Growth Of Javanese Chili Cuttings(Piper retrofractum Vahl)

2025-01-28T21:59:28+07:00

Effect of Various Planting Media and Concentration of Shallot Extract on the Growth of Java Chili Plant Cuttings (Piper retrofractum Vahl). Various Planting Media and Concentration of Shallot Extract on the Growth of Java Chili Plant Cuttings (Piper Retrofractum Vahl). The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of planting media and the concentration of shallot extract on the growth of cuttings of Javanese chili plants. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Baturaja University, from January to April 2024. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD), with 2 factors, namely: 1) comparison of planting media as many as 4 treatments, namely Soil (Control), Soil + Sand + Manure (1:1:1), Soil + Cocopeat + Manure (1:1:1), Soil + Husk Charcoal + Manure (1:1:1); 2) concentration of shallot extract as many as 4 treatments, namely; No Shallot Extract, 30% Concentration, 60% Concentration, 90% Concentration, and repeated 3 times. Observed variables: Shoot growth time, shoot length, number of leaves, root length, number of roots. The results showed that the interaction between planting media and growth hormone (shallot extract) had no significant effect on the growth parameters of Javanese chili plants. The combination of planting media soil + cocopeat + manure with 90% concentration of shallot extract gives results that tend to be better on all variables observed. The single factor treatment is a treatment that tends to be better on all observed variables. The single factor treatment of also gives results that tend to be better on all variables observed.