JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Utilization of Sago Waste as Bokashi to Improve The Growth and Yield of Three Varieties of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L) on Peat Land

Selvia Sutriana — 2024-09-07

The shallot plant is a strategic vegetable product horticultural commodity with high economic value. The research aims to determine the effect of sago waste bokashi on three shallot varieties on peatlands. This research was conducted in Alah Air Village, Tebing Tinggi District, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, for four months, from September to December 2023. The study used a completely randomized design with two factors, namely bokashi sago waste (dolomite, dolomite + stem bark, dolomite + fronds, dolomite + sago pulp, dolomite + mixture of the three sago wastes) and shallot varieties (bima brebes, Trisula, and ss Sakato). Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, percentage of bulbs formed at 35 hst, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, weight of wet bulbs per plot, weight of dry bulbs per plot, and percentage of bulb shrinkage. The results showed that the parameters of the percentage of bulbs appearing 35 hst and the number of bulbs had a significant effect. In contrast, the parameters of plant height, number of bulbs per clump, wet weight per plot, and dry weight per plot were not significantly affected.

Synergistic Effects of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Endophytes: A Novel Approach to Enhance Cayenne Pepper Productivity

Yovi Avianto — 2024-09-07

Cayenne peppers (Capsicum frutescens) are a valuable commodity contributing significantly to the economy of Sleman Regency. Despite their substantial economic potential, cayenne pepper farming practices in Sleman often lack integration of sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural principles. This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing photosynthetic bacteria and endophytic bacteria to enhance the growth and yield of cayenne peppers in Sleman Regency. The study was conducted in Gondang Lutung Hamlet, Donoharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with a single factor: beneficial bacteria type, including P1 (PSB + Endophyte), P2 (PSB), P3 (Endophyte), and P4 (Control). The findings revealed that the combination of photosynthetic bacteria and endophytic bacteria had varying effects on cayenne pepper growth. The combination treatment significantly enhanced plant height, chlorophyll content, flower number, fruit number per plant, fresh fruit weight, production, productivity, and resistance to C. capsici, C. gloeosporoides, and R. solanacearum. Single PSB application improved plant growth attributes, while Endophyte application demonstrated potential for enhancing cayenne pepper resistance to pathogens. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing beneficial bacteria, particularly the combination of PSB and Endophyte, to enhance cayenne pepper growth, yield, and disease resistance. This research provides valuable insights for promoting sustainable and eco-friendly cayenne pepper farming practices.

Optimizing The Growth of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Typica Variety Seedlings through Planting Media Composition and Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Conch Eggs in Toraja

Driyunitha Driyunitha — 2024-09-07

This research investigates the impact of different planting medium compositions and the application of liquid organic fertilizer derived from golden apple snail eggs on Arabica coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) growth of the Typica variety. Conducted over 12 weeks at the experimental garden of Toraja University, the study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) featuring two primary factors: the composition of the planting medium (M1: topsoil, sand, pig manure in a ratio of 2:1:1; M2: topsoil, sand, pig manure in a ratio of 1:2:1; M3: topsoil, sand, pig manure in a ratio of 1:1:2) and the dosage of POC from golden apple snail eggs (K1: 100 ml/plant, K2: 200 ml/plant, K3: 300 ml/plant). The findings indicated that the planting medium's composition and POC dosage significantly influenced the coffee seedlings' height, leaf count, and stem diameter. The planting medium with a 1:1:2 ratio of topsoil, sand, and pig manure (M3) yielded the most favorable outcomes, achieving an average plant height of 18.06 cm, 4.54 leaves, and a stem diameter of 1.92 mm. Additionally, a 200 ml/plant dosage of POC from golden snail eggs (K2) resulted in a maximum plant height of 18.46 cm and an average leaf count of 4.57. and a stem diameter of 1.75 mm. The interaction between M3 and K2 (M3K2) produced the most significant results across all growth parameters, with a plant height of 24.67 cm, 5.33 leaves, and a stem diameter of 2.53 mm. This study underscores the importance of selecting suitable planting media and utilizing POC from golden snail eggs to enhance the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings, offering valuable insights for improving coffee cultivation practices through optimized media and organic fertilizer application.

Best Combination of Liquid Organic Fertilizer with NPK Fertilizer for Cocoa Seedling Growth (Theobroma cacao L.)

Rudi Hartawan — 2024-09-02

One strategy for achieving sustainable agriculture is the reduction of inorganic fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers are reduced by substituting them with organic fertilizers. This study aimed to identify the optimal combination of LOF with NPK fertilizers to promote the growth of cocoa seedlings in polybags. The study used completely randomize design. The treatment design, namely the combination of LOF with NPK fertilizers, consisted of five distinct combinations: control, 100% LOF, 100% NPK, 75% LOF +25% NPK, 50% LOF + 50% NPK, and 25% LOF + 75% NPK. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, plant dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, soil physical properties, soil water content, soil analysis, and seedling quality index. The results showed that treatment 25% LOF + 75% NPK increased the percentage of plant height by 73.47%, stem diameter by 42.13%, number of leaves by 67.36%, total leaf area by 75.30%, plant dry weight by 45.70%, shoot dry weight by 24.81%, root dry weight by 95.54%, and seedling quality index by 90.65%. LOF can reduce the use of NPK fertilizer by 25% in cocoa seedling.

Optimizing the Growth and Yield of Kale (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala) by providing Eggshell Liquid Fertilizer and Water Hyacinth Bokashi

Abdul Haris — 2024-09-01

This study investigated the optimal concentration of liquid organic fertilizer from chicken eggshells and the effective dose of water hyacinth bokashi for enhancing kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) growth and yield. Conducted in Bontomanai Village, Bungaya Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, the research utilized a factorial randomized block design with two factors: concentration of liquid fertilizer (0 ml, 100 ml/L, 300 ml/L) and bokashi dose (0 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg). The study included 9 treatment combinations, each replicated 3 times, resulting in 27 experimental units. Key parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight per plant, fresh weight per plot, consumable weight per plot, root weight per plot, and yield per hectare. Findings revealed that neither the interaction of liquid fertilizer concentration and bokashi dose nor their individual effects significantly influenced kale growth or yield. The concentration of 100 ml/L liquid fertilizer produced the highest number of leaves (23.29), fresh weight per plant (73.67 g), and yield per hectare (5.50 tons). The 2 kg/plot bokashi dose resulted in the highest number of leaves (23.81), fresh weight per plant (72.98 g), and yield per hectare (5.60 tons).

Preferences of Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes sp) for Monocotyledonous Plants and Dicotyledonous Plants on Mineral Land

Sebayang Dimas Risky Khana — 2024-09-01

Subterranean termites are recognized for their capacity to damage various plant species, regardless of their productivity. These termites can launch attacks with varying degrees of intensity, targeting both trees and living plants, particularly in agricultural settings such as oil palm and rubber plantations, as well as in industrial forests comprising species like pine and eucalyptus. Characterized by its tropical climate, Indonesia exhibits high levels of environmental humidity, warmth, and organic matter in the soil, which further supports termite activity in a study conducted in the Tj. Keliling Village Plantation area of Salapian District, Langkat Regency, ten bait woods were randomly planted in a rectangular plot measuring 12 meters in length and 7 meters in width. The spacing between the rows of bait wood was set at 30 cm, while the distance between individual bait wood columns was 60 cm. A descriptive method was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed varying percentages of damage among different types of bait wood: 10% for Pinang wood, 5% for coconut wood, 18.3% for oil palm wood, 33.3% for durian wood, 73.3% for teak wood, and the highest damage percentage of 77.3% for kapok wood. The attraction of termites to plants situated on mineral soil is attributed to the latter's role in enhancing humidity, which is a critical factor facilitating the rapid growth and proliferation of subterranean termites. Consequently, the intensity of their attacks can occur at any time until appropriate management measures are implemented.

Evaluating The Physical Quality of Trembesi Seedlings (Samanea saman) in The Permanent Nursery of BPDAS Indragiri Rokan, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province

Muhammad Mardhiansyah — 2024-09-01

The availability of high-quality seedlings is crucial for reforestation and forest rehabilitation initiatives aimed at mitigating deforestation. This study assesses the physical quality of rain tree (Samanea saman) seedlings produced by the Permanent Nursery of BPDAS Indragiri Rokan, located in Pekanbaru, Riau Province. A systematic sampling method with a random start was employed, involving 15,155 raintree seedlings that were six months old, from which a sample size of 200 seedlings was selected following SNI 8420 of 2018. The parameters observed included seedling height, stem diameter, leaf count (LCR), compactness of the planting medium, and root crown ratio. Data analysis was conducted based on the general and specific quality requirements outlined in SNI and Perdirjen RLPS No. P.05/V-Set/2009. The findings revealed that 66.5% of the seedlings satisfied the general requirements, while 72.38% met the specific requirements. The rain tree seedlings were classified within quality class D, with a percentage of normal seedlings falling below 95% and several samples exhibiting damage from pests and diseases. These results underscore the necessity for enhancements in nursery management, particularly concerning pest and disease control, to elevate the quality of raintree seedlings in future production.

Increasing the Growth of Bridal Tears Flower Stem Cuttings (Antigonon leptopus) by providing Plant Growth Regulators and Planting Media

Eka Bobby Febrianto — 2024-09-01

It is imperative to implement integrated control measures for Oil Palm Leaf-Eating Caterpillars (UPDKS), as continual chemical management can result in pest resistance and environmental degradation. Utilizing natural enemies for biological control involves the utilization of predators, pest-consuming animals, as well as parasites or bacteria with pathogenic properties against pests. Examples of predators, including Sycanus leucomesus and Eocanthecona furcellata, egg parasitoids, such as Trichogrammatidea thoseae, and larval parasites, such as Chaetexorista javana, are a few of the many types of organisms that can have an impact on the populations of their prey. These indigenous predators sustain themselves by feeding on host plants within their natural habitat. The bridal tears flower (Antigonon leptopus) is considered to be one of the host plants. Thus, it is imperative to promote the growth of Antigonon leptopus in order to provide a habitat for the natural predators of the UPDKS pest. The objective of this research was to identify the components of the planting medium and to establish the most effective concentration of growth regulators for propagating bridal tears stem cuttings (Antigonon leptopus). The research was conducted at the Indonesian Palm Oil Technology Institute (ITSI) Practice Garden in Medan, North Sumatra. The research was conducted over three months, from February to April 2024. The Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method was employed, with the first factor, namely S (Planting Media), comprising three levels: Top Soil without solid, Top Soil with 20% Solid, and Top Soil with 40% Solid. The second factor, namely Plant Growth Regulators, was also treated with three levels: without plant growth regulators, concentration of 100 Mg/l, and concentration of 200 Mg/l. Thus, the study comprises nine treatment combinations, each with four replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) table is employed to assess the significance of the observed differences, with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) conducted at a 5% level of significance when warranted.The findings from the research indicated that the manipulation of the planting medium composition (S) had a notable impact on the number of leaves, number of roots, and fresh weight of the roots. Additionally, it was found to have a highly significant influence on the height of the shoots. The optimal composition of the planting medium was identified as S2. The manipulation of growth regulators (R) concentration had a notable impact on shoot height and root fresh weight, as well as a highly significant effect on the number of leaves and roots. R2 exhibited the most optimal concentration of growth regulators. The growth of Antigonon leptopus stem cuttings was not affected by the combination of planting medium composition (S) and growth regulator concentration (R) in a non-interacting manner.

Increasing the Growth and Production of Peanut Plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) by applying Bokashi and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Vegetable Waste

Muliaty Galib — 2024-09-01

Importance of using organic fertilizers to sustainably improve agricultural productivity, especially in low-fertility soils, is crucial. Peanuts (Arachis hypogea L.), a high-economic-value crop, require appropriate fertilization to support optimal yields. Bokashi fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from vegetable waste have the potential to enhance soil fertility, microbial diversity, and crop yields. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Bokashi and LOF applications on peanut yield and soil quality. The method used is a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The results showed that the application of Bokashi and LOF significantly increased the number of pods, seed weight, and peanut production per hectare. The best treatment was found in the combination of Bokashi and LOF at the 50 ML/L concentration, which produced the highest number of pods (24.59), the highest seed weight per plant (4.37 grams), and a yield per hectare of 0.72 tons. In conclusion, the use of organic fertilizers, especially LOF from vegetable waste, significantly improves peanut productivity and has the potential to support sustainable agricultural practices.

Increased Growth of RED Jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) Seedlings using Various Doses of Compost Fertiliser on Used Gold Mine Planting Media

Viny Volcherina Darlis — 2024-09-01

Mining operations disrupt the equilibrium of terrestrial ecosystems, leading to a decline in soil fertility and overall environmental quality. The adverse effects of such activities can severely impact forest ecosystems, resulting in disturbances to physical, chemical, and biological conditions. Consequently, initiatives aimed at restoring soil health to its pre-mining state are essential, often involving revegetation efforts. The cultivation of red jabon trees in nutrient-deficient and less fertile soils necessitates the incorporation of organic matter to enhance soil quality, typically achieved through the application of compost. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and optimal ratios of compost mixed with ex-gold mining soil on the growth of red jabon seedlings. The experimental design included four treatment groups and five replications, yielding a total of 20 experimental units. The treatments for compost application were as follows: D1 = control (no compost), D2 = 10% compost + 90% ex-gold mining soil, D3 = 30% compost + 70% ex-gold mining soil, and D4 = 50% compost + 50% ex-gold mining soil. The parameters observed included survival rate, height growth, diameter growth, dry weight of the plants, and root-to-crown ratio. The findings indicated that the application of compost significantly influenced the growth of red jabon seedlings. Notably, treatment D4 (50% compost + 50% ex-gold mining soil) yielded the most favorable results, achieving a survival rate of 100%, a height increase of 16.56 cm, a diameter increase of 2.21 mm, a dry weight of 40.73 g, and a root-to-crown ratio of 4.84.

Growth and Production Character Response of Kuantan Singingi Local Rice Mutants Resulting from Gamma Irradiation

Gusti Marlina — 2024-09-01

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a crucial crop with significant importance in various regions. In Riau, specifically in Kuantan Singingi Regency, it ranks as the fourth largest area for rice production, showcasing numerous local rice varieties with substantial development potential. This study aimed to generate mutants exhibiting early maturity and reduced plant height through gamma-ray induced mutations. A non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) was employed, with the primary factor being the irradiation dose: R0 served as the control group without radiation, while the experimental group received an irradiation dose of 300 Gy, determined to be effective in prior research. Each treatment was replicated five times, utilizing a total of 600 plants per treatment. The findings indicated that rice plants subjected to 300 Gy irradiation exhibited shorter heights compared to those in the control group. Additionally, the stem circumference of plants irradiated with 300 Gy was significantly greater than that of the non-irradiated plants. Furthermore, the number of productive tillers was higher in the 300 Gy group compared to the control. However, the harvest age for rice plants exposed to 300 Gy was extended relative to those without radiation. Conversely, the length of the flag leaf in rice plants irradiated at 300 Gy was shorter than that of the control group. There remains a considerable need for data on the desired characteristics of rice mutants to facilitate advanced breeding efforts.

Application of Jarwo Planting System and Fertiphos Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Black Rice Mutant M4

Efderilla — 2024-09-01

This study aims to examine the interaction between the dose of Fertiphos fertilizer and the JARWO (JARWO) planting pattern on the growth and yield of black rice mutant rice. The experiment was conducted in Jorong Labuah, Agam Regency, and the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang, from February to June 2024. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors was used, namely the JARWO planting system (2:1, 3:1, 4:1) and the dose of Fertiphos fertilizer (0 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha). Data were analyzed using the F test at the 5% level, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) if significant. The results showed a significant interaction between the dose of Fertiphos fertilizer and the JARWO planting pattern on the growth and yield of black rice mutant rice. Fertiphos fertilizer dose of 200 kg/ha gave the best results on the total number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, the total weight of grains per panicle, and the weight of filled grains per clump. The JARWO 2:1 planting pattern gave the best results on the total number of tillers, the total number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, and the total weight of grains per panicle.

Secondary Metabolite Profiles: Trichoderma, Aspergillus flavus Glocladium and Penicillium as Biocontrol Agents

Nur Ilmi — 2024-09-01

A fungus is utilized as a biocontrol agent to suppress plant diseases by employing an antagonistic mechanism, wherein it releases enzymes that degrade the cell walls of pathogens and inhibit their growth. The antibiosis mechanism is initiated by biocontrol fungi through the production of secondary molecules or metabolites. The objective of the research was to examine the secondary metabolite composition of the biocontrol fungi Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus flavus, and Gliocladium sp. and Penicillium species The implementation approach involved the use of qualitative phytochemical testing and HPLC analysis. The outcomes of the investigation into the metabolite profiles of Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus flavus, and Gliocladium sp. were observed. and Penicillium species The presence of alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids was detected in the samples. The results of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated the presence of 10-11 compounds, as evidenced by the peaks observed in the chromatogram. These compounds are presumed to be associated with the phenolic and alkaloid groups.

Adaptation Test of Several Promising Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Lowlands

Emanuel Seda Oja — 2024-09-01

Cucumber plants exhibit a remarkable capacity for adaptation to varying altitudes. The objective of this study is to identify the cucumber hybrid candidates that demonstrate the highest adaptability in lowland environments, based on the diversity of both qualitative and quantitative growth characteristics exhibited by each hybrid of Cucumis sativus L. The research was conducted in Sumbersari Hamlet, Kencong Village, Kepung District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was employed, incorporating six treatments of cucumber varieties, which included five hybrid varieties and one control variety. The experiment was organized into four groups. The materials utilized in this study comprised cucumber seeds from the Cu12, Cu13, Cu14, Cu15, Cu16 varieties, along with the Top Tavi F1 variety as a control. Fertilizers used included NPK and Urea. Observations of qualitative characteristics were conducted in accordance with the test implementation guidelines (PPU), with color variables assessed using the RHS color chart. The qualitative analysis revealed that the cucumber leaves exhibited a green hue (greyish olive green), the flowers were yellow (brilliant yellow), the fruit skin displayed green and yellowish green tones (moderate olive green and strong yellow green), and the shape of the fruit base and slices was characterized as round and obtuse. In terms of quantitative characteristics, the Cu12 variety demonstrated the shortest harvest age, while the Cu16 variety exhibited the longest. Among the varieties tested, the Cu13 variety emerged as the most adaptive, possessing characteristics and traits that surpassed those of the control variety (Top Tavi F1).

Improving The Growth of Mung Bean Plants (Vigna radiata L.) with Various Soil Tillage Methods

Punjung Medaraji Suwarno Suwarno — 2024-09-01

Soil tillage plays a crucial role in determining the productivity of mung bean plants. It is essential to conduct research aimed at identifying the optimal soil tillage techniques for enhancing mung bean growth. This study was carried out from August to November 2023 at the Gunung Gede Experimental Field, located at IPB Bogor Vocational School. A one-factor randomized complete block design was employed, featuring three treatment levels: Maximum Tillage, Minimum Tillage, and No Tillage. The Vima 2 variety of mung beans was utilized for this investigation. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in yield characteristics, specifically seed weight and overall productivity. Furthermore, Pearson Correlation Analysis indicated a notable relationship between stem diameter and plant height, as well as the number of leaves and productivity. A particularly strong correlation was observed between seed weight and productivity. The findings suggest that the Maximum Tillage Method is the most effective approach for cultivating the Vima 2 variety of mung beans.

Review - Soil Sulfur Dynamics and Their Role in Plant Growth and Development

Oksana — 2024-09-01

Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, crucial for protein synthesis, enzyme function, and chlorophyll production. In acidic tropical soils, sulfur dynamics are influenced by various factors, particularly soil acidity, organic matter content, and microbial activity. This review explores the sources, transformation, availability, and cycling of Sulfur in acidic tropical soils, emphasizing its role in agriculture and ecosystem sustainability, focusing on the sources, transformation, and factors affecting sulfur availability. The weathering of minerals, especially from sulfate and sulfide minerals, contributes to the long-term supply of Sulfur in soil ecosystems. Microbial activity and soil temperature play key roles in the mineralization process of Sulfur. Plants' sulfate absorption is affected by soil conditions, including pH, texture, and organic matter content. Data indicate that acidic conditions can inhibit microbial activity, reducing sulfur availability. These findings suggest that the importance of managing sulfur availability to enhance agricultural yields in acidic tropical soils and the potential for developing microbe-based fertilizers to improve nutrient absorption efficiency by plants

Response of Nutrient Levels of Oil Palm Leaves (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to Polyhalite and KCl Fertilizers Application in Dystrudepts Soil

Cynthia Bernadetta Silalahi — 2024-09-01

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a significant plantation crop extensively cultivated in Indonesia, particularly in the Riau region, where it is often grown on marginal lands, such as typical dystrudepts. Low soil pH and limited water-holding capacity necessitating effective fertilization management strategies characterize typic Dystrudepts. One approach to address these challenges is the application of slow-release fertilizers. Polyhalite, a mineral fertilizer, contains slow-release nutrients including potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). Given that oil palm plants have a high demand for potassium to support their growth and productivity, providing substantial quantities of readily available potassium fertilizers, such as potassium chloride (KCl) is essential. The synergistic application of polyhalite and KCl is anticipated to enhance plant nutrient absorption, thereby improving leaf nutrient levels. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Polyhalite fertilizer, both alone and in combination with KCl fertilizer, on the leaf nutrient levels of oil palm plants. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, consisting of five treatment factors: Control (NPK), Polyhalite at 25% combined with KCl at 75%, Polyhalite at 50% combined with KCl at 50%, Polyhalite at 75% combined with KCl at 25%, and Polyhalite at 100%. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in 60 plants across four plants per treatment. The data collected from the research will be analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the 5% Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The findings indicate that the application of Polyhalite at 75% in combination with KCl at 25% significantly increased the levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the leaves of the oil palm plants

The Diversity of Oil Palm Weeds Results in The People's Oil Palm Plantations in Kuantan Singingi Regency

Desta Andriani — 2024-09-01

Weeds are defined as plants that have the potential to disrupt or harm human interests, and as a result, humans have developed methods to control their proliferation. The weeds in oil palm plantations exhibit considerable diversity, encompassing grasses, sedges, and woody plants. This research aims to ascertain the diversity of weed species present in mature oil palm plantations in the Kuantan Singing District. The research was conducted using the proposed random sampling method. Data were collected through direct interviews, which included information such as the age of the plant and the type of herbicide and fertilizer used. The weed vegetation was analysed using the quadrant method on each plot of land. The observation plots were 10 m x 10 m in size, with 25 plots in each garden. The weeds are identified at each observation point through a visual examination of their morphological characteristics, which are then matched with those described in the relevant literature. The observations of plantation conditions indicate that the predominant age of the oil palm is 5-7 years, with a planting distance of 8x9 metres. The soil types observed in each plantation area included black sandy, white sandy, and rocky, with black sandy soil representing the dominant soil type. Farmers employ both mechanical and chemical techniques to control weeds. The frequency of control is once every three months. A total of 14, 12, and 9 weed species were identified in the Central Kuantan, Inuman, and Sintajo Raya sub-districts, respectively. The results of the observation of the types of weeds found in the people's coconut plantations on yield crops revealed the presence of five types of narrow-leaf weeds, ten types of broad-leaf weeds, and four types of fern weeds.

Application of FMA on Soil Chemical Properties in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plants

Asri Cahyati Zebua — 2024-09-01

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a significant agricultural commodity in tropical regions, particularly Indonesia. The increasing demand for palm oil has prompted the expansion of agricultural land, including the utilization of marginal lands such as Dystrudepts soil, typically characterized by low fertility and a deficiency in phosphate, a critical nutrient for plant growth. One potential solution to address these limitations is the application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), which have been shown to enhance water availability, improve fertilizer efficiency, facilitate nutrient absorption, and increase the populations of soil microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the alterations in the chemical properties of Dystrudepts soil following the application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. The research was conducted in Petapahan Village, Tapung District. The experimental treatments comprised four levels of AMF application: a control group without AMF and three treatment groups receiving AMF at doses of 150 g/plant, 300 g/plant, and 450 g/plant. Each treatment was replicated five times, resulting in 20 experimental units containing one plant. The study employed a non-factorial RAL methodology. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The findings indicated that the application of AMF significantly affected the soil's pH, organic carbon content (C-Organic), available phosphorus (P-available), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Notably, a dose of 300 g per plant emerged as the most effective in enhancing the chemical properties of the soil associated with oil palm cultivation.

Dosage of Metankos on Mortality of Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peaty Area

Hafiz Fauzana — 2024-09-01

The primary challenge associated with oil palm cultivation in Riau is the infestation of rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros). Research has been conducted on the potential of the local biopesticide Metarhizium anisopliae to manage Oryctes rhinoceros, specifically through its application in a compost medium called Metankos. The effectiveness of this biopesticide is indicated by its pathogenicity towards Oryctes rhinoceros larvae on oil palm seedlings cultivated in peat soil. This study aimed to determine the optimal application dosage of Metankos compost for enhancing Oryctes rhinoceros mortality and promoting the growth of oil palm seedlings in peat soil. The experimental design was randomized entirely, consisting of five treatments with five replications. The treatments included varying doses of Metankos compost applied to oil palm nurseries: 0 kg, 0.1 kg, 0.2 kg, 0.3 kg, and 0.4 kg per plant. Observations were conducted to assess several parameters, including the initial time of death, lethal time (LT50), daily mortality rates, total mortality of larvae, plant height, number of fronds, frond length, stem diameter, wet weight, dry weight, temperature, and humidity. The findings of the study indicated that the most effective dosage for inducing mortality in Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was 0.4 kg of Metankos per plant, resulting in a 40% mortality rate, an average time to initial death of 3.75 days, and a lethal time (LT50) of 7.8 days; however, this dosage did not achieve the threshold for effectiveness. Conversely, the optimal dosage for promoting the growth of oil palm seedlings, as measured by height, number of fronds, and stem diameter, was also determined to be 0.4 kg per plant.

Effectiveness of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Liquid Smoke Against Stem Base Rot Pathogen Oil Palm Plants in In-Vitro

Fitra Widi Setiawan — 2024-09-01

Ganoderma species significantly threaten oil palm cultivation, leading to substantial plant mortality. To mitigate the impact of Ganoderma, the application of fungicides has been a common practice. However, the prolonged use of these chemical agents poses risks to environmental sustainability. Consequently, there is a pressing need for alternative, eco-friendly solutions, one of which is using liquid smoke derived from empty oil palm bunches (TTKS). This study aims to determine the effective concentration of liquid smoke from empty oil palm bunches in inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma species. The research was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pasir Pengaraian University, from November 2023 to January 2024. An experimental methodology was employed, utilizing a completely randomized design (CRD) that included six treatment groups with three replications each. The total phenol content was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteau method using the Smart Spectro tool. The growth rate of Ganoderma colonies was measured using a ruler, applying a formula based on the Crueger formula (1984) as referenced in Pulungan (2022). The effectiveness of the inhibitory action was calculated using the formula provided by Rakesh (2013). Data analysis was conducted descriptively, followed by statistical tests of variance (ANOVA). The findings of this study indicate that TTKS liquid smoke contains active compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma species, specifically phenol, at a concentration of 2.12 mg/L. The application of TTKS liquid smoke demonstrated 100% effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma in Treatment G3 at a concentration of 3%, followed by G4 at 4% and G5 at 5%.

The Effect of Artificial Crossing on The Yield of Several Corn Varieties (Zea mays L.)

Wira Hadianto — 2024-09-01

Corn is one of the food crops cultivated in Indonesia. Efforts to increase corn production can be done in various ways, one of which is by artificial crossbreeding. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University from November 2020 to March 2021. The experimental design used in the study was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The factors observed for Corn Varieties in the vegetative phase were: (1) Pulut Uri (P), (2) Srikandi Kuning (K), and (3) Srikandi Ungu (U). If the F test is significantly different, it is continued with the smallest significant difference test (LSD) with a level of 5%. The results of the study showed that the artificial crossbreeding of U♀ x P♂ (Srikandi Ungu♀ x Pulut Uri♂) was significantly different in the parameters of the diameter of the husked cob and the length of the cob without the husk. Artificial cross U♀ x P♂ x K♂ (Purple Srikandi♀ x Pulut Uri♂ x Yellow Srikandi♂) long cob with husk.

The Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Gambier Seedlings’ (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) Growth on Former Coal Mining Land

Septy Lopita — 2024-09-01

The availability of land limits gambier development; therefore, an alternative approach is to utilize land previously used for coal mining. This ex-coal mining land can be rehabilitated through the application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). This study aims to investigate the interaction between the type and dosage of AMF, as well as to identify the optimal type and dosage of AMF for the growth of Gambir seedlings. A Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, incorporating two factors. The first factor consists of three types of AMF: Acaulospora sp, Glomus sp, and Gigaspora sp. The second factor pertains to the dosage of AMF, which includes 0 g/seedling, 5 g/seedling, 10 g/seedling, 15 g/seedling, and 20 g/seedling. The variables observed include soil chemical analysis, seedling height, number of leaves, and root crown ratio. The results indicate no significant interaction between the type and dosage of AMF on the growth of Gambir seedlings. However, the AMF type Glomus sp at a dosage of 20 g/seedling was found to be the most effective in promoting the growth of Gambir seedlings on ex-coal mining land.