Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Healthy and Disease Stem of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia) Caused by Stem Rot Disease
Abstract
One of the plantation crops with high economic value is vanilla. The biggest constraint in vanilla cultivation is stem rot disease. Endophytic fungi are fungi that live inside healthy plant tissues without causing symptoms or damage to the host plant. This study was aimed at determining the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanilla, identifying and selecting the type and amount of endophytic fungi found in healthy vanilla plants and vanilla plants with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of stem rot. The research was carried out in a vanilla plantation belonging to the residents of Sinogo Village, West Plono Village, and West Ngalian Samigaluh Village, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta from January to March 2021. The research method used was a descriptive method for symptoms of the disease. A survey and collection of healthy stems and stem rot disease were then conducted. In addition, environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, and soil pH were also recorded. Identification of endophytic fungi was carried out in the laboratory. The data were analyzed both quantitatively (percentage of disease attack) and qualitatively (morphological characteristics of fungi macroscopically and microscopically). The results showed that the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease from the largest to the smallest was 30% in West Plono Village, 25.3% in West Ngalian Village, and 22.8% in Sinogo Village. In healthy vanilla plants, there are 4 types of endophytic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp. In vanilla stem rot disease, 2 types of endophytic fungi were found, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium sp.
References
Andriani, D., & Oktafiyanto, M. F. (2019). Potensi Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Paitan Titonia Deversifolia sebagai Biofertilizer dan Biopestisida. JUATIKA, 1(2), 84–90.
Astuti, Y., Siagian, R., Daniati, C., & Isnaini, N. (2021). Pengenalan dan Pengendalian OPT pada Tanaman Vanili. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.
Ditjenbun. (2020). Statistik Perkebunan Non Unggulan Nasional 2019-2021. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian.
Gamboa-Gaitan, M. A., & Otero-Ospina, J. T. (2016). Colombian vanilla and its microbiota. III. diversity and structure of the endophytic community. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 59(3–4), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.2
Hikmahwati, Fitriani, & Suharman. (2022). Rhizospheric Fungus : Morphological Characterization Of Rhizosphere Flower On Onion Plant In Enrekang District. JUATIKA, 4(1), 106–111.
Kartikawati, A., & Rosman, R. (2018). Sirkuler Informasi Teknologi Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Budidaya Vanili (Vanilla planifolia). Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat. http://balittro.litbang.pertanian.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Sirkuler-Budidaya-Vanili-2018.pdf
Khoyratty, S., Dupont, J., Lacoste, S., Palama, L. T., Choi, H. Y., Kim, K. H., Payet, B., Grisoni, M., Fouillaud, M., Verpoorte, R., & Kodja, H. (2015). Fungal endophytes of Vanilla planifolia across Réunion Island: Isolation, distribution and biotransformation. BMC Plant Biology, 15(142), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0522-5
Pinaria, A. (2020). Jamur Fusarium yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Busuk Batang Vanili di Indonesia. UNSRAT PRESS.
Setame, M., Nusantari, A., & Condro, N. (2020). Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Sulur dan Daun Tanaman Vanili (Vanilla Planifolia Andrews). Jurnal Dinamis, 17(1), 129–132.
Sopialena. (2017). Segitiga Penyakit Tanaman. In Susilo (Ed.), Mulawarman University Press.
Sudantha, I. M., & Abadi, A. L. (2007). Identifikasi jamur endofit dan mekanisme antagonismenya terhadap jamur Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae pada tanaman vanili. Agroteksos, 17(1), 23–38.
Suniti, N. W. (2015). Potensi Bakteri Endofit dari Batang Panili Sehat sebagai Agen Pengendali Hayati Fusarium oxusporum f . sp . vanillae Penyebab Busuk Batang Panili. AGROTROP, 5(1), 64–70.
Supriadi, H., Hadad E.A, M., & Wardiana, E. (2014). Analisis Komponen Hasil Vanili Alor Pada Beberapa Agroekologi Di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 20(3), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.142-150
Taufiq, E. (2012). Potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam Menekan Perkembangan Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Vanili di Pembibitan. Buletin RISTRI, 3(1), 49–56. http://balittri.litbang.pertanian.go.id/
Wen, J., Okyere, S. K., Wang, S., Wang, J., Xie, L., Ran, Y., & Hu, Y. (2022). Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant‐Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies. Journal of Fungi, 8(205), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020205
Copyright (c) 2022 Yuliana Yuliana, Achmad Himawan, Elisabeth Nanik Kristalisasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA) agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA).
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
