Dominance of Understory Vegetation and Biomass Production of Oil Palm Plantations on Mineral Land
Abstract
The understory vegetation of oil palm plantations varies across different types of land. The biomass of this vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of oil palm plantation ecosystems. This study aims to identify the types of understory vegetation and calculate biomass production on the mineral land of PT. Rigunas Agri Utama's oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in August 2024 using direct observation methods. Observations of understory vegetation were carried out on 45 sample plots utilizing the quadrat method and the Plantnet application, with biomass measurements taken using the destructive sampling method. The results indicated the presence of 27 understory vegetation species with varying compositions. The most dominant species was Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. The highest density, frequency, and dominance values were exhibited, with a species dominance ratio (SDR) of 35%. Understory vegetation primarily comprises broadleaf species and grasses, with a significant proportion being perennial plants that enhance ecosystem stability. The total biomass production of understory vegetation reached 5,943 kg over 12 hectares, resulting in carbon stocks of 2,793 kg C per 12 hectares. The species contributing the most to biomass include Mitracarpus hirtus, Cyperus rotundus, and Eleusine indica. The findings of this study indicate that the total carbon stock of understory vegetation in oil palm plantations is approximately 232.7 kg C per hectare. In comparison, carbon stocks in understory vegetation within agricultural ecosystems, such as oil palm plantations, typically range from 0.18 to 1.00 tons C per hectare (180 to 1,000 kg C per hectare), suggesting a strong potential for carbon storage in the oil palm plantations of PT. Rigunas Agri Utama.
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