Increasing the Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) by Providing Potassium and Paclobutrazol
Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) are a horticultural commodity with high economic value, but their
productivity is often hampered by flower and fruit loss. Increasing growth and yield can be achieved through
potassium fertilization, which plays a role in photosynthesis and fruit formation, and through the application of
the growth regulator paclobutrazol, which suppresses vegetative growth and stimulates the generative phase. This
study aims to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilizer dose and paclobutrazol concentration, and their
interactions, on tomato growth and yield. The study was conducted in Surabaya from November 2024 to February
2025 using a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors: potassium fertilizer doses (110, 125, 140, 155
kg/ha) and paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 100, 125, 150 ppm), each factor repeated three times. The results
showed that the combination of 140 kg/ha potassium fertilizer and 125 ppm paclobutrazol produced the highest
number of leaves (37), number of bunches (6.78), total number of fruits (37.67), and total fruit weight per plant
(1,509.27 g). Potassium fertilizer at 140 kg/ha alone produced the highest number of flowers (69.41), while
paclobutrazol at 125 ppm accelerated flower emergence (34.53 days), increased the number of flowers (69.77),
and increased fruit weight per harvest period. Thus, using 140 kg/ha of potassium fertilizer combined with 125
ppm paclobutrazol is recommended as the most effective treatment to optimize tomato plant growth and yield.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, N., Sarfraz, M., Farooq, U., Arfan-ul-Haq, M., Mushtaq, M. Z.,
& Ali, M. A. (2015). Effect of potassium and its time of
application on yield and quality of tomato. International Journal
of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(9), 1–4.
https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/114273880/ijsrp-p45120-
libre.pdf
Amin, A., Sholihah, A., & Djuhari, D. (2024). Pengaruh dosis pupuk
KNO₃ terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas hasil tanaman tomat
(Solanum lycopersicum L.). Jurnal, 11(2), 476–485.
Assadiyah, A. N., Dewanti, F. D., & Sulistyono, A. (2023). Respon hasil
tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) terhadap macam
media tanam dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair limbah kulit
buah. Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal, 6(1), 93–104.
https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i1.1079
Castro-Camba, R., Sánchez, C., Vidal, N., & Vielba, J. M. (2022). Plant
development and crop yield: The role of gibberellins. Plants,
(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192650
Chávez-Mejía, A. C., Magaña-López, R., Durán-Álvarez, J. C., &
Jiménez-Cisneros, B. E. (2019). International journal of
environment, agriculture and biotechnology. International
Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology,
(November), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab
Fatah, A. (2013). Jurnal AGRIFOR. Jurnal Agrifor, 12(2), 96–109.
http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/AG/article/view/326
González-Cortés, A., Robledo-Torres, V., Luna-García, L. R., MendozaVillarreal, R., & Pérez-Rodríguez, M. Á. (2023). Yield and
antioxidant quality of habanero chili pepper by supplementing
potassium with organic products. Horticulturae, 9(7).
https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070797
Hati, H. A. P., & Susila, A. D. (2016). Optimasi dosis pemupukan kalium
pada budi daya tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum). Buletin
Agrohorti, 4(2), 173–179.
Zubaidi et al. 2026 Page 279 of 279
Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika Vol. 8 No. 1 January 2026
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v4i2.15017
Kesumawati, N., Jafrizal, & Saputra, A. (2022). Respon tanaman tomat
terhadap pemberian pupuk kandang dan pupuk kalium. Jurnal
Agribis, 15(2), 2019–2030.
https://doi.org/10.36085/agribis.v15i2.3566
Kusumiyati, K., Syifa, R. J., & Farida, F. (2022). Effect of various
varieties and dosage of potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, and
quality of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Open Agriculture,
(1), 948–961. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0151
Maulani, N. W., Subang, U., Wanareja, K., Subang, K., & Subang, K.
(2019). Pengaruh kombinasi dosis pupuk organik dan pupuk
kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman melon
(Cucumis melo L.) varietas Madesta F1. Jurnal Agrorektan, 6(2),
–76.
https://ejournal.unsub.ac.id/index.php/agrorektan/article/vie
w/1010
Nazibah, M. S. S., Karno, & Lukiwati, D. R. (2018). Respon
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman tomat (Solanum
lycopersicum) terhadap paklobutrazol dan komposisi media
tanam. Journal of Agro Complex, 2(3), 199–205.
https://doi.org/10.14710/joac.2.3
Novita, A. (2022). The effect of gibberellin (GA₃) and paclobutrazol on
growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum
Mill.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1025/1/012037
Rahman, M. H., Rahman, M. H., Halder, B. C., Ahmed, M., & Nishi, N.
J. (2023). Applying paclobutrazol and flower bud pruning modify
the fruiting time and fruit quality of „Amrapali‟ mango
(Mangifera indica L.). Horticulture Journal, 92(3), 255–260.
https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.QH-061
Rahmatika, W., Wasito, W., Wibawa, B. S., Handayani, T., & Fitriyah,
N. (2024). Pupuk kotoran kelinci dan pupuk anorganik pada
tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Innofarm:
Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian, 26(1), 61–68.
https://doi.org/10.33061/innofarm.v26i1.10032
Rahmawati, R., Sulistyono, A., et al. (2022). Response growth and yield
of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to the application
concentrations paclobutrazole and various liquid organic
fertilizers. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 24(2), 811–818.
Sakanti, P. D., Karno, K., & Rosyida, R. (2024). Efek konsentrasi
paklobutrazol dan pemangkasan pada pertumbuhan dan hasil
tanaman tomat ceri (Lycopersicum esculentum var.
cerasiforme). J-Plantasimbiosa, 6(1), 74–90.
https://doi.org/10.25181/jplantasimbiosa.v6i1.3558
Salta, L. A., Nikmatullah, A., & Nurrachman, N. (2023). Pengaruh
konsentrasi dan waktu aplikasi paclobutrazol terhadap
pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
asal TSS. Agroteksos, 33(3), 769.
https://doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v33i3.878
Saputra, I., Nurbaiti, & Gunawan, T. (2017). Pengujian beberapa
konsentrasi paclobutrazol dengan waktu aplikasi berbeda pada
tanaman tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Jurnal
Faperta, 4(1), 1–14.
Simanungkalit, R. D. M., Suriadikarta, D. A., Saraswati, R., Setyorini,
D., & Hartatik, W. (2006). Pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati. Balai
Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Sitompul, L., Padmini, O. S., & Sasmita, E. R. (2024). Aplikasi giberelin
(GA₃) dan paklobutrazol untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan
hasil tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Agro Wiralodra,
(2), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v7i2.120
Sugiharto, N. O., Sulistyono, A., & Kusumaningrum, N. A. (2022).
Pengaruh konsentrasi paclobutrazol dan dosis pupuk NPK
terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon
esculentum). Plumula: Berkala Ilmiah Agroteknologi, 10(1), 55–
https://doi.org/10.33005/plumula.v10i1.79
Suud, M., Mimik, U. Z., & Yunus. (2023). Respon pemotongan umbi dan
konsentrasi paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil
tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Jurnal
Pertanian Agros, 25(4), 3994–4003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/jpa.v25i4.3542
Usmadi, U., Elfrida, T. L., & Hartatik, S. (2023). Aplikasi paclobutrazol
dan pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman
jagung manis (Zea mays var. saccharata Sturt). Jurnal Penelitian
IPTEKS, 8(2), 205–213.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nora Zubaidi, Djarwatiningsih, Agus Sulistyono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA) agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA).
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
More Information
