Comparison of CH4 Emission Figures in Closed Chamber and IPCC Measurements in Rice Fields (Oryza sativa L.) with Different Flooding Rates
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions CH₄ from paddy fields vary under different flooding systems and are often not fully represented by IPCC estimates. This study compared IPCC calculations with direct field measurements using the Closed Chamber and titration methods to obtain more accurate local emission values. The research was conducted in Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency (July–October 2025) using a survey method with purposive random sampling based on flooding systems (continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation). Emissions were observed across vegetative, generative, and harvest phases. The IPCC method produces CH₄ emission estimates that are approximately 1,39 times higher than those obtained using the closed chamber method. These discrepancies arise from the distinct approaches of the two methods: the IPCC method relies on standardized emission factors, resulting in more conservative estimates, while the closed chamber method measures fluxes directly at specific moments, making it more sensitive to daily field variations. During the generative phase, continuously flooded systems generate higher CH₄ emissions, whereas intermittent irrigation systems tend to reduce CH₄ release. This study provides locally validated CH₄ emission data that better represent actual field conditions and improve the accuracy of regional greenhouse gas inventories compared to default IPCC factors. Phase-based observations enhance understanding of temporal emission dynamics in rice cultivation. The findings recommend intermittent irrigation as an effective mitigation strategy to reduce CH₄ emissions, particularly during the generative phase, and encourage the integration of local field measurements into greenhouse gas reporting to support more accurate climate mitigation planning.
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