Molecular Characterization of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L, Merr.) using Microsatellite Markers
Abstract
The molecular characterization of pineapple germplasm (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is crucial for evaluating
genetic variation and supporting conservation and breeding initiatives. A total of 25 pineapple accessions were
used in this study. The accessions included cultivated types designated with the code (MP) and ornamental types
designated with the code (OC). Pineapple accessions were characterized using six simple sequence repeat (SSR)
markers. These SSR markers revealed moderate levels of polymorphism, with the number of alleles per locus
ranging from 2 to 6, an average gene diversity of 0.63, and polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranging
from 0.37 to 0.65. Pairwise genetic distances ranged from 0.000 to 0.917, reflecting a broad spectrum of
divergence among the accessions. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped all accessions into two main clusters, with one
ornamental accession (OC11) forming a distinct cluster, while the other ornamental and cultivated types were
intermixed, indicating partial genetic separation rather than complete divergence. The moderate number of
markers and the limited number of loci constrained the clustering resolution. The strength of this study lies in the
availability of genetic distance and clustering information, which can be used to identify the most divergent
accessions as candidate parents for crossing and to recognize highly related accessions to avoid collection
redundancy. It is recommended that accessions originating from different clusters and exhibiting high genetic
distances be prioritized as sources of genetic diversity in breeding programs. Additionally, increasing the number
of polymorphic SSR markers is advised to improve identification accuracy and clustering resolution.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Rama Sari, Andini Hanif , Andini Hanif , Shahril Ab Razak, Nurul Shamimi Abdul Ghani
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