Morphometric Comparison Horned Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) from Location SEAT Ungaran, Banyumas, and Pangandaran

Achmad Himawan; Agus  Prijono; Refdika Farid  Pradana

doi:10.36378/juatika.v8i2.5438

Achmad Himawan Institut Pertanian Stiper, Jl. Nangka II, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman
Agus Prijono Institut Pertanian Stiper, Jl. Nangka II, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman
Refdika Farid Pradana Institut Pertanian STIPER Yogyakarta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v8i2.5438

Keywords: Oryctes rhinoceros, morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, Java,, population variation

Abstract

The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) is a major pest of coconut and oil palm in Indonesia. Its attacks can cause up to 25% damage to young palms and reduce fresh fruit bunch production by up to 69%. This study aimed to compare the body morphometrics of male and female O. rhinoceros collected from SEAT Ungaran (oil palm), Banyumas (coconut), and Pangandaran (coconut) in Java. Adult beetles were obtained using pheromone traps (SEAT Ungaran) and manual collection (Banyumas and Pangandaran), then measured for 20 external characters, including body, pronotum, elytra, antennae, scutellum, and leg segments. Morphometric data were analyzed using t-tests to compare sexes within locations and analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level to compare populations among locations. Several characters, particularly horn length, pronotum size, and hind leg segments, differed significantly between males and females at each site. In addition, body length, pronotum width, elytra length, and hind leg tibia length showed significant differences among populations from SEAT Ungaran, Banyumas, and Pangandaran. These characters are informative for distinguishing local populations of O. rhinoceros and provide baseline morphometric data to support location-specific management strategies for this pest.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bedford, G. O. (2013). Biology and management of palm dynastid beetles: Recent advances. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 353–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100547

Emlen, D. J., & Nijhout, H. F. (2000). The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 661–708. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.661

Fakhrezi, A., Rizal, K., Triyanto, Y., & Adam, D. H. (2025). Increasing the productivity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) farmers in Tebing Linggahara Baru Village, Bilah Barat District, Labuhanbatu Regency. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (Juatika), 7(2), 687–693.

Ginting, S., Djamilah, Pryatiningsih, Gusnitha, F. W., Sariasih, Y., & Tarigan, S. I. (2025). Attack intensity and effectiveness of pheromone on Oryctes rhinoceros L. in oil palm plantations in Seluma District, Bengkulu. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 21(1), 29–42.

Gullan, P. J., & Cranston, P. S. (2005). The insects: An outline of entomology (3rd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.

Hallett, R. H., Perez, A. L., Gries, G., Gries, R., Pierce, H. D., Yue, J., Oehlschlager, A. C., Gonzalez, L. M., & Borden, J. H. (1995). Aggregation pheromone of coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 21(10), 1549–1570.

Kijimoto, T., Pespeni, M., Beckers, O., & Moczek, A. P. (2012). Beetle horns and horned beetles: Emerging models in developmental evolution and ecology. WIREs Developmental Biology, 2(1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.81

Mahendra, D., Rizal, K., Sepriani, Y., & Dalimunthe, B. A. (2025). Improving oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) farmer productivity in Labusona Village, Labuhan Batu Regency. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (Juatika), 7(3), 709–716.

Manjeri, G., Muhamad, R., Faridah, Q. Z., & Tan, S. G. (2013). Morphometric analysis of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from oil palm plantations. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 67(2), 194–200.

McCullough, E. L., Ledger, K. J., O’Brien, D. M., & Emlen, D. J. (2015). Variation in the allometry of exaggerated rhinoceros beetle horns. Animal Behaviour, 109, 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.013

Pradipta, A. P., Wagiman, F. X., & Witjaksono. (2020). The coexistence of Oryctes rhinoceros L. and Xylotrupes gideon L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on immature oil palm plantations. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 24(1), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.52582

Rahayu, E., Rizal, S., & Marmaini. (2021). Karakteristik morfologi serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama pada perkebunan kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) di Desa Tirta Kencana Kecamatan Makarti Jaya. Jurnal Indobiosains, 3(2), 39–46.

Rosario, A. B. D., Fiegalan, E. R., Labe, M. S., & Calama, L. L. (2023). Morphometric variation of coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros Linn.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in different sites in the Philippines. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(3), 651–663. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2023.110315

Sahetapy, B., Masauna, E. D., & Luhukay, R. (2018). Uji efektivitas perangkap feromon terhadap hama Oryctes rhinoceros L. dan intensitas kerusakan pada tanaman kelapa di Desa Latuhalat, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Pulau Ambon. Jurnal Agrikultura, 29(1), 19–25.

Susanti, R., & Harahap, F. S. (2024). Productivity of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the highlands in Simalungun District with percentage levels of bunch rot based on planting year. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (Juatika), 6(2), 348–354.

Widyanto, H., Pudjianto, & Winasa, I. W. (2022). Struktur umur dan kelimpahan kumbang badak dan kumbang tanduk (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di PTPN VIII Unit Parakan Salak, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 19(3), 203–213.