Stomatal Index and Chlorophyll Content of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Plants in Response to Induction by a 0.3 mT Magnetic Field
Abstract
Soybean productivity in Indonesia remains low, necessitating environmentally friendly innovations such as magnetic field induction to enhance plant physiological performance and support national food security. Therefore, this study focuses on the effects of a 0.3 mT MF with exposure durations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes on the stomatal index and chlorophyll content, as well as the relationship between the two, in the Denasa 1 soybean variety. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replicates. Stomatal measurements were taken 30 days after planting using the replica method and a light microscope, while chlorophyll content was analyzed using the Arnon spectrophotometric method. The results showed that a 0.3 mT magnetic field significantly increased the stomatal index, with the highest value observed at a duration of 30 minutes; however, it did not affect the chlorophyll a, b, or total content. These findings indicate that the magnetic field is more responsive to leaf anatomical morphology than to chlorophyll biosynthesis, suggesting that the plant’s physiological response is specific to certain parameters. The key advantage of this finding is that magnetic field treatment can selectively modify stomatal characteristics without affecting chlorophyll content, making it a targeted, chemical-free, and environmentally friendly technology for enhancing plant adaptation. Farmers, seed producers, and agricultural practitioners are recommended to consider exposing seeds to a 0.3 mT magnetic field for 30 minutes before planting as a sustainable seed treatment method. Further research is needed to evaluate its effects on photosynthetic performance, environmental stress tolerance, and field yield productivity.
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