Physiological Response and Growth of Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.) Variety GURI 6 UNAND with Urea and TSP Fertilizer Doses

Imelinda; Irfan  Suliansyah; Nurwanita Ekasari  Putri

doi:10.36378/juatika.v8i3.5574

Imelinda Univesitas Andalas - Jl. Dr. Mohammad Hatta, Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, Indonesia
Irfan Suliansyah Univesitas Andalas - Jl. Dr. Mohammad Hatta, Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, Indonesia
Nurwanita Ekasari Putri Univesitas Andalas - Jl. Dr. Mohammad Hatta, Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v8i3.5574

Keywords: Chlorophyll, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Photosynthesis, Plant Metabolism

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a strategic cereal crop that serves as an important food source and a raw material for the food-processing industry. Wheat production in tropical regions continues to face the challenge of low nutrient-use efficiency, making appropriate fertilization strategies necessary to support plant physiological processes and growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients that play important roles in chlorophyll formation, energy transfer, vegetative growth, and root development. This study aimed to determine the effects of different combinations of urea and TSP fertilizer doses on the physiological responses and growth of the GURI 6 UNAND wheat variety. The study used a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and two treatment factors: urea doses (75, 150, and 225 kg/ha) and TSP doses (40, 80, and 120 kg/ha). The parameters measured included total chlorophyll content, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, flag leaf area, shoot-to-root ratio, and relative growth rate. The results showed a significant interaction between urea and TSP doses for the shoot-to-root ratio and relative growth rate. Applying 225 kg/ha urea resulted in the largest flag leaf area. The highest nitrogen uptake (0.93%) was obtained with the combination of 225 kg/ha urea and 120 kg/ha TSP, while the highest phosphorus uptake (0.85%) was obtained with 150 kg/ha urea and 120 kg/ha TSP. These results indicate that balancing nitrogen and phosphorus not only increases nutrient uptake but also improves the physiological responses of wheat plants under tropical conditions. Based on the results, applying 225 kg/ha urea combined with 120 kg/ha TSP is recommended to improve plant growth and nutrient-use efficiency in the GURI 6 UNAND wheat variety.

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