Influence Stress Drought to Anatomy and Morphology of Leaf Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Local West Sumatra
Abstract
Drought stress is a primary limiting factor affecting the growth and productivity of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), particularly in dryland regions. This study evaluated the effects of drought stress on the anatomical and morphological characteristics of local chili pepper genotypes from West Sumatra. The experiment used a randomized block factorial design with two factors: water availability (80% and 50% field capacity) and three genotypes (Bonsai Tanah Datar, Kampung Manangah, and Tali). Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced leaf count, fruit number, leaf size, and stomatal characteristics. Specifically, plants subjected to 50% field capacity exhibited smaller guard cells, reduced stomatal dimensions, and decreased leaf area compared to those under optimal watering conditions. A significant decline in fruit number was also observed. Among the tested genotypes, Kampung Manangah demonstrated superior adaptability. These morphological and anatomical changes reflect adaptive responses to water deficit. The findings provide critical selection criteria for breeding drought-tolerant chili genotypes. Consequently, the Kampung Manangah genotype warrants further investigation to develop varieties with enhanced drought tolerance.
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