Analysis of the Effect of Sunlight Intensity on Leaf Spot Disease (Cercospora sp) in Edamame Plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in Oil Palm Intercropping Systems
Abstract
Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia, with increasing market demand both domestically and for export. One of the major biotic constraints in edamame cultivation is leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora sp. Environmental factors, particularly sunlight intensity and temperature, significantly influence the development of this disease. High sunlight intensity can reduce uredospore viability and limit fungal infection, while shaded or low-light conditions promote pathogen development due to increased humidity. This research aims to analyze the effect of sunlight intensity on the development of leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora sp. in edamame plants. The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Palm Oil Institute, Medan, from March to May 2026. Parameters observed include disease incidence, disease intensity using a scoring scale, sunlight intensity measured with a lux meter, and temperature. The data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS. Results showed that disease intensity increased progressively from 0.02 to 0.60, and disease incidence reached 100% by early May 2026. Conidium count correlated positively and significantly with disease intensity (r = 0.747, p < 0.05), while sunlight intensity showed a weak, non-significant negative correlation (r = -0.143, p = 0.347). Multiple regression analysis (F = 30.083, p = 0.000) confirmed the significant simultaneous effect of both variables, with conidia count being the dominant factor in disease development.
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