JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

The Effect of Growth Regulatory Hormones with Various Concentrations on the Growth of Bentong Ginger Plants Through Tissue Culture

2025-05-20T21:47:30+07:00

The ginger plant is known for its healing and warming properties because it contains various bioactive compounds that provide numerous therapeutic benefits. However, the quality of ginger production has declined due to disease infections. To address this issue, tissue culture techniques are being employed. The purpose of this study was to obtain high-quality ginger planting materials. This research was conducted at MARDI Malaysia, utilizing a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is hormones comprised of five levels, namely H 1 = GA 3, H 2 = IAA, H 3 = IBA, H 4= NAA and H 5 = BAP The second factor of hormone concentration, consists of five levels, K 1 = control, K 2 = 0.5 ppm, K 3 = 1 ppm K 4 = 1.5 ppm and K 5 = 2.5 ppm. The results of the study showed that the treatment of NAA concentration2.5 ppm had a significant effect on plant height, GA 3 treatment at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, IAA at a concentration of 2.5 ppm, IBA and BAP at a concentration of 1 ppm had a significant effect on the number of leaves, GA 3 treatment at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, IAA at a concentration of 2.5 ppm, IBA and BAP at a concentration of 1 ppm had a significant effect on the number of leaves,0.5 and 1ppm had a significant effect on root length, NAA treatment at concentrations of 0.5 and 1ppm had a significant effect on the number of roots, GA 3 treatment at concentrations of 0.5 ppm had a significant effect on wet weight. root. Hormone GA 3giveinfluenceWhichmoregood for the growth of ginger explants compared to auxin and cytokinin hormones

Analysis and Identification of Weeds in 3-Month-Old Acacia crassicarpa Stands at PT. Arara Abadi Rasau Kuning District

2025-05-20T21:47:52+07:00

Acacia crassicarpa is a cultivated species in the Industrial Plantation Forest at PT. Arara Abadi, particularly in the Rasau Kuning District. One of the limiting factors for the growth of Acacia crassicarpa stands is weed infestations. At three months of age, weed infestations increased and became uniform across the Acacia crassicarpa stand area. To ensure that weed control measures yield effective and efficient results, it is essential to base these measures on information regarding the types and composition of weeds in the Acacia crassicarpa area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and identify the types of weeds found beneath the Acacia crassicarpa, which is three months old. This research method employs purposive sampling to select locations with dense weed populations for use as study plots. The analysis and identification of the weeds revealed nine species, including Goletrak (Borreria alata), which was the most prevalent, with 50 individuals recorded. Other species identified include Bundung (Cyperus odoratus), Wild Acacia, Ruas-ruas, Ramiding (Stenochlaena palustris), Sword Fern (Nephrolepis biserrata), Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), and Meniran (Phyllanthus urinaria). The range of the KR values was between 0.5% and 25.3%, while the FR values ranged from 2.4% to 14.6%. The BKR values varied from 0.3% to 18.8%, and the INV values ranged from 3.5% to 56.0%. The highest SDR value for Borreria alata was 18.7%, indicating significant dominance within the weed community. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was calculated at 1.96, categorizing it as a moderate level of diversity. Simpson's dominance index (D) was measured at 0.15, suggesting a stable level of weed dominance. Additionally, the Margalef species richness analysis (R1) results yielded a value of 1.51, indicating a low level of species richness among the weeds.

Effectiveness of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke and Ameliorants in Controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2025-05-20T21:47:44+07:00

Wet rice farming is a crucial sector for global food security; however, it is frequently affected by bacterial leaf blight, a disease that can reduce yields by as much as 50%. Traditional chemical-based control methods pose environmental risks, highlighting the need for eco-friendly alternatives such as husk liquid smoke and soil ameliorants. This study aims to optimize the combination of liquid chaff smoke, agricultural lime, and organic materials to combat bacterial leaf blight and enhance rice productivity. The research was conducted in rain-fed paddy fields in Kotabaru Village, Lahat District, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province. The experimental design employed a Split Plot arrangement with 12 treatment combinations and three replications. The main plots included a control group, soaking seeds in liquid smoke, watering the base of the stem and roots with liquid smoke, and spraying liquid smoke on the stems and leaves. The subplots incorporated agricultural lime, organic matter, and a combination. The observed variables included disease severity, incidence, growth, and productivity. The low disease severity and incidence demonstrated plant resistance to bacterial leaf blight. This resistance was observed in the combination of liquid smoke treatments applied to the stems and leaves, along with agricultural lime and organic materials. This resulted in increased resistance of 47.63% and 20.01%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest productivity was achieved by applying liquid smoke at the base of the stem and roots, combined with agricultural lime and organic matter, yielding 8.69 tons per hectare, representing a productivity increase of 10.01%.

Identifying Insect Pests of Glutinous Corn Plants (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) with Various Organic Fertilizer Treatments

2025-05-20T21:47:33+07:00

Glutinous corn (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) is a variety of corn that holds significant economic value. However, the productivity of this plant is frequently compromised by insect pest infestations. This study aims to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer on the insect pest population and identify the types of insect pests affecting glutinous corn plants. The objectives of this research are to assess the abundance of insect pests in glutinous corn plants under three treatments: (1) no organic fertilizer, (2) liquid organic fertilizer, (3) solid organic fertilizer, and (4) a combination of liquid and solid organic fertilizers. The research methods include field observations, insect sampling, and laboratory analyses for pest identification based on morphological characteristics. This study employed a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and six replications, resulting in 24 experimental plots. The results indicated that insect pests were highest in the treatment that did not utilize organic fertilizer. The types of insect pests found on glutinous corn plants belong to the orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera and were observed from the vegetative to the generative periods. Applying solid organic fertilizer from chicken manure proved the most effective treatment for enhancing corn production, yielding a production weight of 1.36 kg per plot, equivalent to 9.07 tons per hectare.

Conservation of Murraya paniculata: Creating an Ideal Environment at the Biodiversity Conservation Center

2025-05-20T21:47:47+07:00

Murraya paniculata (Kemuning) is a highly valuable natural resource due to its ecological, aesthetic, and medicinal properties. However, its sustainability may be jeopardized by insufficient attention to plant conservation and environmental degradation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various environmental factors on Murraya paniculata’s growth and determine the optimal conditions for its cultivation. The research was conducted using an experimental approach, observing ecological parameters such as soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity and analyzing their relationship to plant growth. The results indicated that Murraya paniculata thrives best in an environment with a soil pH of 6.5, a soil temperature of 29°C, an air temperature of 31°C, soil moisture categorized as humid, and normal light intensity. These ideal conditions promote increased plant height, improved leaf health, and enhanced growth.

Increasing the Growth of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Ultisol Soil with the Provision of Solid Compost and Boiler Ash

2025-05-20T21:47:41+07:00

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food commodity for 98.86% of the Indonesian population. To meet national demand, rice production can be enhanced through the extensification and intensification of podzolic land using soil conditioners such as solid compost and oil palm boiler ash. This study aims to determine the interaction between solid compost and oil palm boiler ash, assess the effect of each treatment, and identify the optimal doses of solid compost and oil palm boiler ash for the growth and yield of upland rice cultivated in podzolic soil. The research was conducted using a factorial, completely randomized design (CRD). Factor I, solid compost, included the following treatments: 0 g per polybag (0 t.ha⁻¹), 12.5 g per polybag (2.5 t.ha⁻¹), 25 g per polybag (5 t.ha⁻¹), and 37.5 g per polybag (7.5 t.ha⁻¹). Factor II, boiler ash, comprised the following treatments: 0 g per polybag (0 t.ha⁻¹), 5 g per polybag (1 t.ha⁻¹), 10 g per polybag (2 t.ha⁻¹), and 15 g per polybag (3 t.ha⁻¹). The results indicated that a solid compost dose of 7.5 t.ha⁻¹ produced the best growth across all observed parameters. Additionally, a boiler ash dose of 2 t.ha⁻¹ was optimal for increasing the number of productive tillers, the number of whole grains per panicle, and the weight of dry milled grain per polybag. Conversely, a boiler ash dose of 3 t.ha⁻¹ was most effective in enhancing plant height, the maximum number of tillers, panicle emergence age, harvest age, the percentage of full grains, and the weight of 100 full grains.

Agronomic Appearance of Red Calliandra Plants (Calliandra calothyrsus) in Different Locations

2025-05-20T21:47:26+07:00

Red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is a leguminous tree native to Indonesia. This species can serve as a renewable alternative energy source to replace coal. Calliandra wood is highly flammable and can be utilized as biomass energy, offering a quality comparable to coal's. PT Semen Padang employs red calliandra as an alternative to coal in cement production, which results in lower carbon emissions. The company has planted calliandra in various locations throughout West Sumatra. This descriptive exploratory study employs a survey method to investigate the places where the plants grow, utilizing direct observation techniques. The three locations observed were behind the PT Semen Padang Training Center (Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang City, West Sumatra), PT Semen Padang Mine (Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang City, West Sumatra), and Sialangan (V Koto Timur District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra). A total of 10 plants were sampled from each location, resulting in 30 plant samples overall. Subsequently, observations and data analysis were conducted. The characteristics observed included the morphology of stems, leaves, and flowers and a chemical analysis of the soil, which assessed pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. The results indicated that plant age, soil nutrient availability, and environmental conditions significantly influenced* the vegetative and generative growth of *Calliandra calothyrsus*. Locations with neutral soil pH and high phosphorus content supported greater stem diameter growth, while areas with elevated organic carbon and nitrogen levels promoted enhanced leaf development. Variations in the color of stems, leaves, and flowers were closely related to plant age, light intensity, and the availability of micronutrients. In conclusion, the agronomic differences in red *Calliandra* are determined by the interaction among plant age, soil nutrient status, and growing environment, all of which are critical factors for optimizing biomass production in the future.

Increasing the Growth and Production of Chili Plants (Capsicum annum var longum) by administering various Concentrations and Doses of JAKABA Biofertilizer

2025-05-20T21:47:20+07:00

Chile is a commodity characterized by volatile prices and is a significant contributor to inflation in the Indonesian economy. The agricultural sector faces several challenges, including technical cultivation issues, pest and disease infestations, and low productivity. An innovative fertilization approach utilizing Jakaba biofertilizer, derived from fermented organic matter rich in nutrients and microbes, was explored to address these challenges. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Jakaba in cultivating chili plants. This research used a factorial method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was the dosage of Jakaba fertilizer, which consisted of three levels: 100 ml, 200 ml, and 300 ml. The second factor was the fertilizer concentration, with 20 ml/L, 50 ml/L, 90 ml/L, and 140 ml/L. The results indicated that the application of Jakaba biofertilizer, in terms of both concentration and dosage, had a similar effect on all growth parameters of chili plants. The microbiological analysis involved isolating microbes from the biological fertilizer yielded 10 microbial isolates, comprising 4 fungal isolates and 6 bacterial isolates. The study revealed a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio 6.598, indicating that the fertilizer had undergone decomposition and contained low nutrient content. Nutrient analysis showed an organic carbon content of 0.239%, total nitrogen of 0.0365%, a C/N ratio of 6.598, a P2O5 value of 0.02125%, and a total potassium (K) value of 0.0205%.

Evaluation of Tolerance of Several Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L.) to Salinity Stress at the Germination Stage

2025-05-20T21:47:14+07:00

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a vital food crop with the potential to enhance food supply and support other sectors, such as livestock production. This study aims to determine the level of salinity stress that can be utilized to select maize genotypes tolerant to such stress. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Maros Cereal Research Center (Balitsereal) starting in February. The experimental design employed a split-plot arrangement consisting of two factors. The main plot consisted of five levels of NaCl concentration: no salinity stress and concentrations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mM. The subplot included eight maize genotypes. Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Corn seeds were germinated for five days in petri dishes lined with germination paper, with ten seeds per dish. Afterward, the seeds were treated with NaCl and distilled water. The germinated seeds (after 5 days) were then transferred to the next germination medium, specifically styrofoam. At the germination stage, the tolerance selection of several corn genotypes under salinity stress revealed that NaCl concentration significantly affected plumule length, root length, and the number of roots. As the NaCl concentration increased, plumule length, root length, and the number of roots decreased. Additionally, genotype significantly impacted root length, the number of roots, and the percentage of seed growth. The results of the variance analysis indicated that there was no interaction between NaCl concentration and genotype at the germination stage.

Optimization of Drying Time and Eco Enzyme Concentration on Shallot Production (Allium cepa L.)

2025-05-20T21:47:10+07:00

Eco enzyme is a complex solution derived from the fermentation of organic matter, characterized by a light to dark brown color and a fresh, sour aroma. Fermentation yields environmentally friendly enzymes and other functional components beneficial for agriculture. Eco enzymes offer various advantages for shallot plants, including enhanced growth and increased shallot production. This study aims to investigate the effects of watering frequency and Eco enzyme concentration on the growth and yield of shallots (Allium cepa L.). A randomized block design (RBD) was employed, incorporating two treatment factors: the watering timing and the eco enzyme concentration. The treatment factors are as follows: Factor I, Watering Time (W), consists of three treatment levels: 1 time per day, 1 time every two days, and 1 time every three days. Factor II, Concentration of Eco Enzyme (E), includes three treatment levels: 0.8 ml per 240 ml of water per plant, 1.6 ml per 240 ml of water per plant, and 2.4 ml per 240 ml of water per plant. The observed variables in this study were the number of tubers per sample (cloves), the fresh weight of tubers per sample (grams), and root length (centimeters). The results indicated that both the timing of watering and the application of eco-enzyme concentrations significantly affected the number of tubers per sample, the fresh weight of tubers per sample, and root length.

Effectiveness of Bacterial Consortium and Biochar in Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Soil

2025-05-20T21:47:50+07:00

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is a crucial step in environmental recovery. This study evaluated the effectiveness of bacteria and biochar in reducing lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) contamination in agricultural soil surrounding the Medan Industrial Area. A Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) was employed, incorporating two factors: bacteria (Corynebacterium glutamicum and Lactobacillus sp.) at three levels (0 g, 5 g, and 10 g per plant) and biochar application at three levels (0 g, 10 g, and 20 g per plant), using mustard greens (Brassica juncea) as the indicator plant. The observation parameters included biomass and Pb and Cu content in both soil and plant tissue. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA and the Honestly Significant Difference Test (HSD) at the 5% significance level The results indicated that bacterial treatment at a level of 5 g per plant and biochar at 20 g per plant significantly increased the wet weight per plant, the wet weight per plot, and the wet weight of plant roots when biochar was administered. The concentrations of the heavy metals lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in soil and plants decreased with increasing levels of bacteria and biochar. The average reduction in Pb in soil and plants due to bacterial treatment was 1.28% and 0.29%, respectively, while the average decrease in Cu content in soil and plants was 1.03% and 0.17%. Biochar treatment reduced Pb in soil and plants by 0.44% and 0.07%, respectively, and Cu by 0.34% and 0.08%. This study demonstrates that bacteria and biochar stabilize heavy metals in contaminated soil.

Study of Types and Doses of Fish Waste LOF on the Growth and Yield of Soybean Plants (Glycine max (L) Merrill)

2025-05-20T21:47:38+07:00

Soybean is a promising crop that requires further development due to its significant market potential both locally and for export. Soybean cultivation is not widespread in South Sumatra, and production levels remain low. One strategy to enhance production is to utilize fish waste to create liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) by optimizing the type and dosage of fish waste used. This research aims to identify and determine the most suitable type and dosage of fish waste LOF for promoting the growth and yield of soybean plants. This study was conducted on a farmer's land on Jl Sukarela KM 7, Sukarami District, Palembang City. A field experiment method was employed, utilizing a split-plot design. The first factor (main plot) consisted of the type of fish waste LOF, which included a control group, LOF from marine fish waste, and LOF from river fish waste. The second factor (sub-plot) is yet to be detailed. The dosage of LOF fish waste was 10.0 ml/L, 200 ml/L, 300 ml/L, and 400 ml/L. The observed variables included plant height (cm), flowering age (days after planting), number of productive branches, number of pods per plant, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant (g), weight of 100 seeds (g), and seed weight per plot (g). The study results were obtained by tabulating the combinations of different types of liquid organic fertilizers derived from marine fish waste. The dosage of 300 ml/L yielded the highest soybean production, which was 451.00 g/plot, equivalent to 1.80 tons/ha.

Applying Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma harzianum to Increase Chilli Plant Production (Capsicum annum L)

2025-05-20T21:47:16+07:00

Red chili production in Indonesia has fluctuated over the past five years, with a decrease to 1.04 million tons in 2015 and 2016, followed by an increase to 1.20 million tons in 2017. This study aimed to determine the effect of administering mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of chili plants. The materials used in this study included 10% KOH, 50% alcohol, dye (Quink Parker), chili seeds of various varieties (Kharisma), mycorrhizal fertilizers (Glomus sp. and Gigaspora), and Trichoderma harzianum pellets. The tools utilized in this research comprised 15 kg polybags, shovels, measuring tapes, watering cans, analytical scales, soil sieves, hoes, a Nikon Binocular Microscope (model SE 102), petri dishes, sieves, tweezers, glass slides, cover glasses, an oven, a camera, and plastic containers for holding the polybags. The F-test results from the variance analysis indicate that mycorrhizal fungi significantly influence the fruit weight of chili plants at 110 days after planting (DAP) and root infection at 45 DAP. However, there was no significant effect on wet fruit weight, wet root weight, or the number of fruits produced. Additionally, the F-test results demonstrate that Trichoderma has a highly significant effect on the observed variables. Furthermore, the F-test results indicate a significant impact on fruit weight at 110 hours after transplanting (HST) and wet weight at 110 HST.

Dominance of Understory Vegetation and Biomass Production of Oil Palm Plantations on Mineral Land

2025-05-20T21:47:12+07:00

The understory vegetation of oil palm plantations varies across different types of land. The biomass of this vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of oil palm plantation ecosystems. This study aims to identify the types of understory vegetation and calculate biomass production on the mineral land of PT. Rigunas Agri Utama's oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in August 2024 using direct observation methods. Observations of understory vegetation were carried out on 45 sample plots utilizing the quadrat method and the Plantnet application, with biomass measurements taken using the destructive sampling method. The results indicated the presence of 27 understory vegetation species with varying compositions. The most dominant species was Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. The highest density, frequency, and dominance values were exhibited, with a species dominance ratio (SDR) of 35%. Understory vegetation primarily comprises broadleaf species and grasses, with a significant proportion being perennial plants that enhance ecosystem stability. The total biomass production of understory vegetation reached 5,943 kg over 12 hectares, resulting in carbon stocks of 2,793 kg C per 12 hectares. The species contributing the most to biomass include Mitracarpus hirtus, Cyperus rotundus, and Eleusine indica. The findings of this study indicate that the total carbon stock of understory vegetation in oil palm plantations is approximately 232.7 kg C per hectare. In comparison, carbon stocks in understory vegetation within agricultural ecosystems, such as oil palm plantations, typically range from 0.18 to 1.00 tons C per hectare (180 to 1,000 kg C per hectare), suggesting a strong potential for carbon storage in the oil palm plantations of PT. Rigunas Agri Utama.

Leaves as an Indicator of Potential Production of Palm Sap in Sugar Palm Plants (Arenga pinnata Merr) in South Tapanuli Regency

2025-05-20T21:47:08+07:00

The sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is a valuable natural resource, particularly as a source of sap that can be processed into palm sugar. However, its utilization remains suboptimal, as sugar palm plants in South Tapanuli Regency continue to grow wild and have not been cultivated intensively. The morphological characteristics of these plants, such as the number of leaf stalks, are believed to influence sap production. This study aims to identify the relationship between the number of leaf stalks and sap production in South Tapanuli Regency. The study employed a survey method and simple linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the number of leaf stalks and sap production. The results indicated a positive correlation between the number of leaf stalks and sap production; specifically, an increase in leaf stalks corresponded to higher sap production. The highest sap production, recorded at 10.27 liters per day, was observed with more than 21 leaf stalks, while the lowest sap production, at 6.78 liters per day, was noted with 1 to 5 leaf stalks.

The Effect of Tomato LOF and Planting Media on Cherry Tomato Production (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) DFT Aquaponic System

2025-05-20T21:47:05+07:00

Shallots are a high-value commodity due to their nutritional content and benefits for heart health, cancer prevention, and immune system support. This study aims to determine the effects of the interaction between Tomato LOF and planting media on the growth and production of cherry tomatoes. The research was conducted at Dokagu UIR Housing Block D No. 2, Air Dingin Village, Bukit Raya District, Pekanbaru City, over four months, from August to November 2024. The design employed in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The Tomato LOF consisted of four treatment levels: 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml per 15 liters of water. The planting media (M) also consisted of four treatment levels: Rockwool, raw rice husks, cocopeat, and rice husk charcoal. The parameters observed included flowering age, the number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per individual fruit, and total fruit weight per plant. The results indicated that the interaction between Tomato LOF and planting media significantly affected the fruit weight per planting, specifically with 5 ml of water per 15 liters and rice husk charcoal, resulting in an average weight of 95.25 grams. For the primary treatment involving Tomato LOF, a significant effect was observed on the fruit weight per planting, particularly with 15 ml of water per 15 liters, yielding a weight of 66.94 grams. Additionally, the primary treatment of planting media significantly influenced the number of fruits per plant, with cocopeat yielding an average of 7.63 fruits, and the weight of fruit per planting with the rice husk charcoal treatment also measuring 66.94 grams.

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activity of Lerak-Based Surfactant and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Sugar Apple (Annona squamosa) Seed Extracts with Different Solvents on Spodoptera frugiperda Mortality

2025-05-20T21:47:03+07:00

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive maize pest that inflicts significant damage. The excessive use of chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and human health, highlighting the need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soapberry (Sapindus rarak) surfactant combined with mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) and sugar apple (Annona squamosa) seed extracts, utilizing methanol and hexane solvents, against S. frugiperda mortality. The research was conducted in a screen house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, from June 2024 to January 2025, employing a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and nine treatments. The observed parameters included larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence, and Lethal Time 50 (LT50). The treatment using sugar apple seed extract with 80 ml of methanol and 10 ml of soapberry surfactant demonstrated the highest mortality rate and significantly inhibited larval development. The addition of soapberry surfactant enhances the effectiveness of the extracts by improving their spread on leaf surfaces. This botanical insecticide shows promise as an eco-friendly alternative for controlling S. frugiperda; however, further research is necessary for field testing and formulation optimization.

Physiological Quality Testing of Local Chili Seeds of Capsicum frutescens Species

2025-05-24T14:43:56+07:00

The high viability of cayenne pepper seeds is a critical factor influencing plant production levels. Research on the quality of chili seeds is essential to determine the physiological characteristics of seeds across various chili varieties. This study aims to provide information regarding the viability and vigor of C. frutescens chili seeds. The research was conducted from February to April 2024 at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed, focusing on cayenne pepper varieties with four replications. The results of the observations indicated that the highest 1000-seed weight was recorded for the C. frutescens Feira variety (5.33 g). In comparison, the lowest weight was observed in the Cakra Putih variety (4.08 g). The DHL test results indicated that the Harita variety exhibited the lowest potential for leakage, measuring at 173.80. Additionally, the Harita variety demonstrated the highest vigor values in the Vigor Index, Growth Rate, Growth Simultaneity, and Sprout Growth Rate. The results of the Pearson Correlation Analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Radicle Emergence (RE) and Dry Biomass (DB), with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. Estimating seed vigor can be effectively accomplished through the Radicle Emergence (RE) test, which is easier and faster.

Growth and Yield of Bujang Marantau Rice Variety (Oryza sativa L.) on Peat Land Due to Application of Fly Ash

2025-05-20T21:42:18+07:00

Rice production in Indonesia has declined in recent years, primarily due to the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas. Utilizing peatlands as agricultural land presents a viable alternative to address this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of the Bujang Marantau variety of rice in response to various doses of fly ash ameliorant applied to peatlands. The research employed a Randomized Block Design, which included four treatments with different fly ash doses: 0 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, and 15 tons/ha. Each treatment was replicated three times. Data were analyzed using the F-test at a significance level of 5%, followed by the DNMRT test at the same level if significant effects were observed. The results indicated that the application of fly ash significantly influenced the leaf area index; however, it did not have a notable impact on several growth and yield parameters, including plant height, root length, root volume, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, Percentage of filled grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, and yield per hectare. Fly ash should be applied at a dosage of 5-10 tons per hectare for peatland cultivation of the Bujang Marantau rice variety, as it is generally effective in enhancing plant growth and yield.

Morphological Identification and Evaluation of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Gembili Tuber (Dioscorea esculenta L.) in Malaysia

2025-05-21T09:37:32+07:00

Gembili tuber (Dioscorea esculenta L.) is a tuberous plant known for its high nutritional value and richness in bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds, including diosgenin, β-sitosterol, and saponins, offer various health benefits, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties, crucial in preventing degenerative diseases. This study aims to investigate the differences in phytochemical and antioxidant content of Gembili tubers from different locations. The research was conducted at the Phytochemical Laboratory, MARDI, in Selangor, Malaysia, where the total phenolic content (TPC) was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the antioxidant capacity was assessed through the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay using a UV spectrophotometer (Eon Biotek) at 517 nm. The results indicated that the total phenolic content and antioxidant values of yam bean tubers from the Serdang location in Selangor were higher than those from the Port Dickson location in Negeri Sembilan, measuring 1.6940 mg GAE/100g and 0.366 mg/ml in the DPPH test, respectively. Consequently, yam tubers cultivated in Serdang, Selangor, demonstrate greater potential as a source of natural antioxidants beneficial for health than those grown in Port Dickson.

Adaptation of Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Paddy Fields Rain Feeding through The Use of Ameliorant in Lahat Regency

2025-05-24T12:01:24+07:00

Rice is a food crop commodity that serves as the staple food for the Indonesian population. This study examines the adaptation of various rice varieties with the addition of ameliorants on growth and yield in rainfed paddy fields. The research was conducted in Lahat District, Lahat Regency, from January to May 2024, utilizing a split-plot design with 12 treatment combinations, each replicated three times. The main plot treatments consisted of ameliorants, while the subplot treatments involved different rice varieties. The observed parameters included plant height (cm), number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length (cm), flowering age (days after sowing), harvest age (days after sowing), total grains per panicle (grams), percentage of empty grains (%), 1000-grain weight (grams), and productivity (ton/ha). The results indicated that applying ameliorants, such as lime and solid organic fertilizer, yielded the most favorable outcomes for rice plant growth. Tabular analysis revealed that the Situ Bagendit variety exhibited the highest productivity compared to other varieties. Furthermore, the combination of ameliorants, specifically lime and organic fertilizer, along with the Situ Bagendit variety, achieved the highest paddy productivity at 5.13 tons per hectare.

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L) Growth and Yield Response by providing Kasgot Fertilizer and NPK on Ultisol Soil

2025-06-16T06:37:10+07:00

The development of cauliflower cultivation (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) on marginal land necessitates implementing appropriate cultivation techniques to enhance plant growth and production. In this context, applying organic fertilizers, such as Kasgot and NPK fertilizers, is anticipated to improve the productivity of cauliflower in Riau Province. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Kasgot and NPK fertilizers on the growth and production of cauliflower cultivated on red-yellow podzolic soil. The research was conducted at the UIR Experimental Garden in Pekanbaru from August to December 2024. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial was employed for this study. The first factor examined was the dosage of Kasgot fertilizer (K), which included four treatment levels: no Kasgot fertilizer, and Kasgot fertilizer at 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g per polybag. The second factor examined was the NPK fertilizer (N) dose, which included five treatment levels: no NPK, and NPK fertilizer at 3.75 g, 7.5 g, 11.25 g, and 15 g per polybag. Each experimental unit was replicated three times. The results indicated that the data collected, including plant height, age of flower formation, relative growth rate, flower weight per plant, flower diameter, and root volume, were significantly influenced by the interaction between phosphorus fertilizer and NPK fertilizer. The combination of 300 g of Kasgot fertilizer per polybag and 7.25 g of NPK per polybag proved to be the most effective in enhancing the relative growth rate, flower weight per plant, and flower diameter in cauliflower.

Impact of Regenerative Agriculture on Soil Biological Performance in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Cultivation

2025-06-16T07:09:19+07:00

Soil health is a crucial factor in the sustainability of Arabica coffee production, particularly in addressing the challenges of land degradation caused by conventional agricultural practices. One practical approach to naturally enhance soil fertility is implementing a regenerative farming system, which focuses on increasing the diversity of soil microbes to support a healthy and productive ecosystem. This study aims to analyze and compare the diversity of soil microbes in Arabica coffee fields managed under regenerative farming systems versus those under conventional farming systems. It will identify the dominant types of microbes in each system and examine how their presence influences soil fertility. Additionally, the study will assess the impact of regenerative farming on the balance of the soil microbial ecosystem and the health of coffee plants. The methodology employed is comparative, involving soil sampling through random sampling techniques. Microbial diversity will be analyzed using culture methods, with soil microbial observation parameters including bacteria, fungi, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, respiration rates, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Laboratory data will be analyzed using comparative statistical tests, specifically the t-test. The study aimed to identify microbial distribution patterns using PCA-Bi Plot analysis. The results indicated that the total number of bacteria, fungi, total microbes, and soil respiration rates were significantly higher in the regenerative farming system than in the conventional system. The dominant soil microbes in the regenerative farming system included nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria and decomposer fungi. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.938, p < 0.01) was observed between total microbes and soil respiration. The regenerative farming system not only increases the number of soil microbes but also enhances the biological activity of the soil. These findings underscore the potential of regenerative agriculture as a viable alternative for improving soil quality in Coffea arabica cultivation, aligning ecological benefits with agricultural productivity.

Improving Seed Quality of Four Genotypes of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata) Based on Harvest Time and Initial Water Content

2025-06-17T05:42:51+07:00

Quality seeds are crucial for successful sweet corn production. Various factors influence seed quality, including harvest time and initial water content. Therefore, understanding the interaction between harvest time and initial water content is essential for optimizing the quality of sweet corn seeds. This study aims to determine the optimal harvest time and initial water content for assessing the seed quality of four sweet corn genotypes: T13.1.8, SB13.1.3, T8.3.6, and T8.3.2. The experiment employed a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor, harvest time, consisted of five levels (73, 76, 79, 82, and 85 days after planting [DAP]). In contrast, the second factor was the initial water content for seed testing, categorized as harvest water content and 10-12% moisture content. Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in a total of 30 experimental units. The findings indicated that the sweet corn genotypes T13.1.8 and SB13.1, which were harvested at 76 to 82 hours after sowing (DAP) and had an initial water content of 10 to 12%, represented the optimal treatment combination. These genotypes exhibited germination rate and vigor index variables ranging from 92.7 - 100% and 70.67 - 96.67%. Sweet corn genotypes T8.3.6 and T8.3.2 can be harvested between 79 - 85 DAP with an initial water content of 10-12% to obtain seeds with a germination rate ranging from 86.00 - 98.67% and a vigor index of 58.00 - 86.67%. The study results can be used as a recommendation for seed producers to apply the harvest time and water content according to the genotype used, to ensure that the seeds produced have high viability and vigor.

Optimizing Nasa Liquid Organic Fertilizer Concentration and NPK Fertilizer Dosage 16-16-16 on the Growth and Yield of Glutinous Corn (Zea mays ceratina L.)

2025-06-18T06:59:37+07:00

Glutinous corn (Zea mays ceratina L.) is a distinctive variety known for its unique starch characteristics and high economic value. One of the challenges affecting glutinous corn plants' productivity is the soil's low nutrient content. To address this issue, improving the fertilization system is essential, which can be achieved by balancing the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers within the cultivation system. This study aims to identify the optimal doses of liquid organic fertilizer and NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer to enhance crop yields and improve fertilization efficiency. The research employed a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor is the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (C), which includes the following levels: control (without POC), 2 ml/l, 4 ml/l, and 6 ml/l. The second factor consists of the control (recommended dose of 4.5 g/plant) and doses of 2.25 g/plant, 3 g/plant, and 3.75 g/plant. Reason: Improved clarity, readability, and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning. The results indicated an interaction between the combination of liquid organic fertilizer and NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer treatments concerning the sugar content of glutinous corn. The treatment without applying liquid organic fertilizer (0 ml/l) yielded the highest cob weight without husks, measuring 211.22 g. Additionally, the application of NPK 16-16-16 fertilizer resulted in glutinous corn's most significant plant height at both 14 and 42 days after planting (DAP). It contributed positively to the sugar content of the corn.

Utilizing Eco-enzyme for Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Certified Rice Seed Testing

2025-06-19T04:48:39+07:00

Rice is one of the primary food commodities as a staple food in Indonesia. Increasing rice production can be done by using certified seeds. Dormancy is one of the obstacles in the rice seed testing process. Eco-enzyme is expected to be used for breaking dormancy and promoting germination in certified rice seed testing. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration and soaking time of Eco-enzyme in breaking dormancy of Inpari 32 HDB rice seeds and to assess the potential of Eco-enzyme in replacing KNO₃ 0.2% in breaking dormancy of Inpari 32 HDB rice seeds. This research was conducted in the seed quality testing laboratory of UPTD Food Crop and Horticultural Seed Certification, North Sumatra Province, from September to October 2024. The results of the study showed that the use of eco-enzyme with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% and a soaking period of 24 and 48 hours did not show a significant difference or a significantly increased effect on various germination parameters compared to the use of KNO₃.

Effectiveness of Drying Methods on The Quality and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Gac Fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng)

2025-06-21T07:23:13+07:00

Gac fruit is renowned for its rich content of bioactive compounds, including lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin E, which provide significant health benefits. However, due to its high moisture content, the fruit is highly perishable and requires proper postharvest handling to extend its shelf life. Drying is one of the most common preservation techniques employed to retain nutritional and functional qualities while reducing water activity. This study aims to evaluate the influence of different drying methods, specifically oven drying, vacuum drying, and sunlight drying. The results indicate that vacuum drying exhibits the highest IC50 inhibition compared to both solar and oven drying methods; however, there is no significant difference in inhibition between the solar and oven drying methods. In lightness (L value), sunlight and vacuum drying result in darker colors than oven drying. Still, there is no significant difference in brightness between sunlight and oven drying. The solar drying method exhibited the highest weight loss at 87.45%. However, there was no significant difference in the drying efficiency between the oven and vacuum oven methods. Microbial contamination under sunlight appears to be higher than in oven and vacuum drying; nonetheless, all methods remain acceptable as they fall below the safe limit. Based on these results, oven drying was selected for Gac fruit drying due to its favorable physicochemical outcomes and the shortest drying time. Additionally, oven drying proved to be the most balanced method, providing good retention of bioactive compounds, effective moisture removal, and acceptable microbial stability. Furthermore, oven drying produced the most visually appealing red hue, likely attributed to enhanced lycopene stability.

Improvement of Jangguik Rice Genotype Characters (Oryza sativa L. ) Through Gamma-ray Mutation Induction in the Nursery Phase

2025-06-24T06:53:14+07:00

Rice is a widely cultivated and consumed food commodity. In Indonesia, the increasing population growth has led to a rise in both rice consumption and demand. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gamma-ray treatment on the properties of Jangguik rice, specifically regarding seed growth duration, seedling height, number of leaves, and seedling weight. The research was conducted in Koto Kari Village, located in the Kuantan Tengah District of Kuantan Senggigi Regency. The Deputy provided gamma irradiation services for Research and Innovation Infrastructure at the Yogyakarta Radiation Laboratory, situated on Jl. Babarsari, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted over two months, from June to July 2024. This experiment employed an experimental method utilizing a Randomized Block Design with one factor. The study consisted of five treatments, each repeated three times, resulting in a total of 15 experimental plots. The treatments tested included doses of 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, and 400 Gy. The study's results were analyzed statistically using an ANOVA table. If the calculated F-value exceeded the F-value from the table at the 5% significance level, further analysis was conducted using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the same significance level. The results of the study indicate that gamma-ray irradiation treatment exerts a multifaceted impact on the growth of Jangguik rice seedlings. The following data were collected for analysis: the parameter of seed growth days (0 Gy treatment: 3.41 days after planting; 300 Gy treatment: 6.06 cm); the number of leaves (200 Gy: 5.46 pieces); and the weight of 100 Gy seedlings (0.146 grams).