JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

The Effect of Growth Regulatory Hormones with Various Concentrations on the Growth of Bentong Ginger Plants Through Tissue Culture

2025-05-01T12:09:09+07:00

The ginger plant is known for its healing and warming properties because it contains various bioactive compounds that provide numerous therapeutic benefits. However, the quality of ginger production has declined due to disease infections. To address this issue, tissue culture techniques are being employed. The purpose of this study was to obtain high-quality ginger planting materials. This research was conducted at MARDI Malaysia, utilizing a completely randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is hormones comprised of five levels, namely H 1 = GA 3, H 2 = IAA, H 3 = IBA, H 4= NAA and H 5 = BAP The second factor of hormone concentration, consists of five levels, K 1 = control, K 2 = 0.5 ppm, K 3 = 1 ppm K 4 = 1.5 ppm and K 5 = 2.5 ppm. The results of the study showed that the treatment of NAA concentration2.5 ppm had a significant effect on plant height, GA 3 treatment at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, IAA at a concentration of 2.5 ppm, IBA and BAP at a concentration of 1 ppm had a significant effect on the number of leaves, GA 3 treatment at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, IAA at a concentration of 2.5 ppm, IBA and BAP at a concentration of 1 ppm had a significant effect on the number of leaves,0.5 and 1ppm had a significant effect on root length, NAA treatment at concentrations of 0.5 and 1ppm had a significant effect on the number of roots, GA 3 treatment at concentrations of 0.5 ppm had a significant effect on wet weight. root. Hormone GA 3giveinfluenceWhichmoregood for the growth of ginger explants compared to auxin and cytokinin hormones

Analysis and Identification of Weeds in 3-Month-Old Acacia crassicarpa Stands at PT. Arara Abadi Rasau Kuning District

2025-05-05T14:15:59+07:00

Acacia crassicarpa is a cultivated species in the Industrial Plantation Forest at PT. Arara Abadi, particularly in the Rasau Kuning District. One of the limiting factors for the growth of Acacia crassicarpa stands is weed infestations. At three months of age, weed infestations increased and became uniform across the Acacia crassicarpa stand area. To ensure that weed control measures yield effective and efficient results, it is essential to base these measures on information regarding the types and composition of weeds in the Acacia crassicarpa area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and identify the types of weeds found beneath the Acacia crassicarpa, which is three months old. This research method employs purposive sampling to select locations with dense weed populations for use as study plots. The analysis and identification of the weeds revealed nine species, including Goletrak (Borreria alata), which was the most prevalent, with 50 individuals recorded. Other species identified include Bundung (Cyperus odoratus), Wild Acacia, Ruas-ruas, Ramiding (Stenochlaena palustris), Sword Fern (Nephrolepis biserrata), Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), and Meniran (Phyllanthus urinaria). The range of the KR values was between 0.5% and 25.3%, while the FR values ranged from 2.4% to 14.6%. The BKR values varied from 0.3% to 18.8%, and the INV values ranged from 3.5% to 56.0%. The highest SDR value for Borreria alata was 18.7%, indicating significant dominance within the weed community. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was calculated at 1.96, categorizing it as a moderate level of diversity. Simpson's dominance index (D) was measured at 0.15, suggesting a stable level of weed dominance. Additionally, the Margalef species richness analysis (R1) results yielded a value of 1.51, indicating a low level of species richness among the weeds.

Effectiveness of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke and Ameliorants in Controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2025-05-03T22:28:23+07:00

Wet rice farming is a crucial sector for global food security; however, it is frequently affected by bacterial leaf blight, a disease that can reduce yields by as much as 50%. Traditional chemical-based control methods pose environmental risks, highlighting the need for eco-friendly alternatives such as husk liquid smoke and soil ameliorants. This study aims to optimize the combination of liquid chaff smoke, agricultural lime, and organic materials to combat bacterial leaf blight and enhance rice productivity. The research was conducted in rain-fed paddy fields in Kotabaru Village, Lahat District, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province. The experimental design employed a Split Plot arrangement with 12 treatment combinations and three replications. The main plots included a control group, soaking seeds in liquid smoke, watering the base of the stem and roots with liquid smoke, and spraying liquid smoke on the stems and leaves. The subplots incorporated agricultural lime, organic matter, and a combination. The observed variables included disease severity, incidence, growth, and productivity. The low disease severity and incidence demonstrated plant resistance to bacterial leaf blight. This resistance was observed in the combination of liquid smoke treatments applied to the stems and leaves, along with agricultural lime and organic materials. This resulted in increased resistance of 47.63% and 20.01%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest productivity was achieved by applying liquid smoke at the base of the stem and roots, combined with agricultural lime and organic matter, yielding 8.69 tons per hectare, representing a productivity increase of 10.01%.

Identifying Insect Pests of Glutinous Corn Plants (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) with Various Organic Fertilizer Treatments

2025-05-03T23:04:34+07:00

Glutinous corn (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) is a variety of corn that holds significant economic value. However, the productivity of this plant is frequently compromised by insect pest infestations. This study aims to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer on the insect pest population and identify the types of insect pests affecting glutinous corn plants. The objectives of this research are to assess the abundance of insect pests in glutinous corn plants under three treatments: (1) no organic fertilizer, (2) liquid organic fertilizer, (3) solid organic fertilizer, and (4) a combination of liquid and solid organic fertilizers. The research methods include field observations, insect sampling, and laboratory analyses for pest identification based on morphological characteristics. This study employed a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and six replications, resulting in 24 experimental plots. The results indicated that insect pests were highest in the treatment that did not utilize organic fertilizer. The types of insect pests found on glutinous corn plants belong to the orders Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera and were observed from the vegetative to the generative periods. Applying solid organic fertilizer from chicken manure proved the most effective treatment for enhancing corn production, yielding a production weight of 1.36 kg per plot, equivalent to 9.07 tons per hectare.

Conservation of Murraya paniculata: Creating an Ideal Environment at the Biodiversity Conservation Center

2025-05-06T10:52:53+07:00

Murraya paniculata (Kemuning) is a highly valuable natural resource due to its ecological, aesthetic, and medicinal properties. However, its sustainability may be jeopardized by insufficient attention to plant conservation and environmental degradation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various environmental factors on Murraya paniculata’s growth and determine the optimal conditions for its cultivation. The research was conducted using an experimental approach, observing ecological parameters such as soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity and analyzing their relationship to plant growth. The results indicated that Murraya paniculata thrives best in an environment with a soil pH of 6.5, a soil temperature of 29°C, an air temperature of 31°C, soil moisture categorized as humid, and normal light intensity. These ideal conditions promote increased plant height, improved leaf health, and enhanced growth.

Increasing the Growth of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Ultisol Soil with the Provision of Solid Compost and Boiler Ash

2025-05-09T19:56:35+07:00

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food commodity for 98.86% of the Indonesian population. To meet national demand, rice production can be enhanced through the extensification and intensification of podzolic land using soil conditioners such as solid compost and oil palm boiler ash. This study aims to determine the interaction between solid compost and oil palm boiler ash, assess the effect of each treatment, and identify the optimal doses of solid compost and oil palm boiler ash for the growth and yield of upland rice cultivated in podzolic soil. The research was conducted using a factorial, completely randomized design (CRD). Factor I, solid compost, included the following treatments: 0 g per polybag (0 t.ha⁻¹), 12.5 g per polybag (2.5 t.ha⁻¹), 25 g per polybag (5 t.ha⁻¹), and 37.5 g per polybag (7.5 t.ha⁻¹). Factor II, boiler ash, comprised the following treatments: 0 g per polybag (0 t.ha⁻¹), 5 g per polybag (1 t.ha⁻¹), 10 g per polybag (2 t.ha⁻¹), and 15 g per polybag (3 t.ha⁻¹). The results indicated that a solid compost dose of 7.5 t.ha⁻¹ produced the best growth across all observed parameters. Additionally, a boiler ash dose of 2 t.ha⁻¹ was optimal for increasing the number of productive tillers, the number of whole grains per panicle, and the weight of dry milled grain per polybag. Conversely, a boiler ash dose of 3 t.ha⁻¹ was most effective in enhancing plant height, the maximum number of tillers, panicle emergence age, harvest age, the percentage of full grains, and the weight of 100 full grains.

Agronomic Appearance of Red Calliandra Plants (Calliandra calothyrsus) in Different Locations

2025-05-09T20:52:13+07:00

Red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) is a leguminous tree native to Indonesia. This species can serve as a renewable alternative energy source to replace coal. Calliandra wood is highly flammable and can be utilized as biomass energy, offering a quality comparable to coal's. PT Semen Padang employs red calliandra as an alternative to coal in cement production, which results in lower carbon emissions. The company has planted calliandra in various locations throughout West Sumatra. This descriptive exploratory study employs a survey method to investigate the places where the plants grow, utilizing direct observation techniques. The three locations observed were behind the PT Semen Padang Training Center (Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang City, West Sumatra), PT Semen Padang Mine (Indarung, Lubuk Kilangan District, Padang City, West Sumatra), and Sialangan (V Koto Timur District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra). A total of 10 plants were sampled from each location, resulting in 30 plant samples overall. Subsequently, observations and data analysis were conducted. The characteristics observed included the morphology of stems, leaves, and flowers and a chemical analysis of the soil, which assessed pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. The results indicated that plant age, soil nutrient availability, and environmental conditions significantly influenced* the vegetative and generative growth of *Calliandra calothyrsus*. Locations with neutral soil pH and high phosphorus content supported greater stem diameter growth, while areas with elevated organic carbon and nitrogen levels promoted enhanced leaf development. Variations in the color of stems, leaves, and flowers were closely related to plant age, light intensity, and the availability of micronutrients. In conclusion, the agronomic differences in red *Calliandra* are determined by the interaction among plant age, soil nutrient status, and growing environment, all of which are critical factors for optimizing biomass production in the future.

Increasing the Growth and Production of Chili Plants (Capsicum annum var longum) by administering various Concentrations and Doses of JAKABA Biofertilizer

2025-05-15T10:58:50+07:00

Chile is a commodity characterized by volatile prices and is a significant contributor to inflation in the Indonesian economy. The agricultural sector faces several challenges, including technical cultivation issues, pest and disease infestations, and low productivity. An innovative fertilization approach utilizing Jakaba biofertilizer, derived from fermented organic matter rich in nutrients and microbes, was explored to address these challenges. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Jakaba in cultivating chili plants. This research used a factorial method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was the dosage of Jakaba fertilizer, which consisted of three levels: 100 ml, 200 ml, and 300 ml. The second factor was the fertilizer concentration, with 20 ml/L, 50 ml/L, 90 ml/L, and 140 ml/L. The results indicated that the application of Jakaba biofertilizer, in terms of both concentration and dosage, had a similar effect on all growth parameters of chili plants. The microbiological analysis involved isolating microbes from the biological fertilizer yielded 10 microbial isolates, comprising 4 fungal isolates and 6 bacterial isolates. The study revealed a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio 6.598, indicating that the fertilizer had undergone decomposition and contained low nutrient content. Nutrient analysis showed an organic carbon content of 0.239%, total nitrogen of 0.0365%, a C/N ratio of 6.598, a P2O5 value of 0.02125%, and a total potassium (K) value of 0.0205%.

Evaluation of Tolerance of Several Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L.) to Salinity Stress at the Germination Stage

2025-05-15T11:29:46+07:00

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a vital food crop with the potential to enhance food supply and support other sectors, such as livestock production. This study aims to determine the level of salinity stress that can be utilized to select maize genotypes tolerant to such stress. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Maros Cereal Research Center (Balitsereal) starting in February. The experimental design employed a split-plot arrangement consisting of two factors. The main plot consisted of five levels of NaCl concentration: no salinity stress and concentrations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mM. The subplot included eight maize genotypes. Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Corn seeds were germinated for five days in petri dishes lined with germination paper, with ten seeds per dish. Afterward, the seeds were treated with NaCl and distilled water. The germinated seeds (after 5 days) were then transferred to the next germination medium, specifically styrofoam. At the germination stage, the tolerance selection of several corn genotypes under salinity stress revealed that NaCl concentration significantly affected plumule length, root length, and the number of roots. As the NaCl concentration increased, plumule length, root length, and the number of roots decreased. Additionally, genotype significantly impacted root length, the number of roots, and the percentage of seed growth. The results of the variance analysis indicated that there was no interaction between NaCl concentration and genotype at the germination stage.