JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Fluctuations in Fruit Fly Population (Bactrocera spp.) and Its Relationship to Environmental Conditions in Red Guava Plantations in Sidoarjo Regency

2026-01-07T14:04:31+07:00

Crystal guava (Psidium guajava) is a superior variety cultivated in Indonesia. A major constraint in crystal guava production is the high incidence of pest attacks, particularly from fruit flies. This study was conducted in a red guava orchard located in Sidoarjo Regency and Jalan Simorejosari A IV/17 during the period from July to August. The research employed a survey method involving the installation of attractant traps and purposive sampling to collect infested fruit for host rearing. Both trapping and host rearing were used to monitor the fruit fly population. Trapping was carried out by installing attractant traps at five predetermined plots, positioned at a height of 1.5 meters and spaced 20 meters apart. Fruit fly rearing involved collecting infested fruit using purposive sampling from the same five plots, then incubating until adult flies emerged. The fruit fly species attacking the red guava orchard was identified as Bactrocera dorsalis. Independent t-test analysis revealed significant differences between the populations of trapped fruit flies and those obtained from host rearing. The emergence rate of fruit fly adults from host rearing exhibited a negative correlation with the trapped fruit fly population, described by the regression equation Y = 359.282 – 7.2146X. Path analysis indicated that rainfall positively correlates with temperature and humidity, while temperature negatively correlates with humidity. Additionally, rainfall and humidity negatively correlate with the trapped fruit fly population, whereas temperature shows a positive correlation.

Analysis of Lead (PB) Metal Content in Soil and Peanut Seeds Arachis hypogaea With the Application of Coal Ash Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) in Post-Tin Mining Land

2026-01-07T14:04:46+07:00

The increase of heavy metal content in post-mining land is one of the main challenges in using tin mine tailings for agricultural activities. This study aimed to determine lead changes (Pb) concentrations in tin mine tailings after the application of Faba (fly ash–bottom ash) and the cultivation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and to evaluate the potential for Pb accumulation in peanut seeds. The experiment was conducted using five levels of Faba application (0; 15; 30; 45; and 60 tons/ha) on tin mine tailings, followed by peanut cultivation for one growing season. The results showed that Faba application increased total soil Pb concentration from 0.09 mg/kg (without Faba) to 19.58 mg/kg (60 tons/ha). However, after peanut cultivation, soil Pb content in all treatments decreased to below the AAS detection limit (< 8.73 mg/kg). Analysis of peanut seeds revealed that Pb levels were also below the detection limit (< 0.165 mg/kg), indicating no significant Pb accumulation in the seeds. This study demonstrates that applying Faba at certain doses can modify the chemical characteristics of mine tailings, and that peanut cultivation has the potential to reduce soil Pb levels through absorption and immobilization mechanisms. The key finding of this study is that combining Faba application at 30–45 tons/ha with peanut cultivation effectively reduces soil Pb content without increasing contamination in harvested seeds. Furthermore, peanut seeds remain safe for consumption due to their very low Pb concentration. Therefore, integrating Faba-based amelioration with the cultivation of excluder or phytoremediation plants, such as peanuts, is recommended as an environmentally friendly tailings reclamation strategy that supports sustainable food security.

Soil Quality Study Of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm) Merr) Plantation in Padanglampe Village, Pangkajene Regency

2026-01-09T06:39:54+07:00

Pamelo orange plants represent a significant horticultural commodity with substantial economic value and are extensively cultivated in Pangkajene Regency. The quality of Pamelo fruit in Padanglampe Village varies, with some fruits being sweet and others slightly sour, suggesting that differing soil conditions may influence fruit quality. This study aims to investigate the soil quality of Pamelo plants in Padanglampe Village, Ma'rang District, Pangkajene Regency. A quantitative descriptive method was employed, involving the collection of secondary data, field surveys, primary data collection through soil sampling, and laboratory analysis of minimum data sets (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon, and exchangeable potassium). Soil quality indices were analyzed using statistical tests, including principal component analysis (PCA). The findings indicated that soil pH was slightly acidic, organic carbon content was low, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were categorized as medium. Correlation tests revealed a significant negative correlation at the 1% alpha level between bulk density and porosity, while organic carbon and soil pH were positively correlated at the 5% alpha level. The scree plot showed three eigenvalues corresponding to the main components in PCA1, PCA2, and PCA3 analyses, which can be further examined to determine the Soil Quality Index (SQI) value. The SQI-PC1 value of 0.55 was categorized as moderate, while the SQI-PC2 and SQI-PC3 values were classified as very low. However, the comprehensive soil quality index (CSQI) value was 0.97, indicating outstanding soil quality. This finding suggests that Padanglampe Village has highly favorable soil conditions for pomelo cultivation, though improved management practices are needed to sustain optimal production. The primary strength of this study lies in integrating chemical and physical soil indicators into a single comprehensive index, providing a more holistic assessment of land suitability for pomelo cultivation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that farmers prioritize areas with high SQI values as primary zones for pomelo development and implement sustainable soil management practices, particularly by increasing soil organic matter content and applying appropriate fertilizer management, to maintain soil quality and ensure the long-term sustainability of pomelo production.

Soil Compaction in Oil Palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) Plantations: A literature review

2026-01-20T07:11:58+07:00

Soil compaction is becoming a serious issue in oil palm plantations due to the escalating mechanization and more intensive field practices. This review consolidates studies into the source, effects and remediation of compaction in order to gain an insight into how soil degradation affects oil palm growth and yield. A systematic review was conducted of studies in tropical and subtropical systems that applied field experiments, geostatistical mapping, and below-ground soil biological analyses. The results indicate that compaction is primarily influenced by mechanism lightening intensity, texture and water status resulting in an increase of bulk density and penetration resistance as well as a reduction of porosity. Even though root biomass reduction and root structural modification frequently take place in compaction treatments, yield response is not always detrimental, partial compensation has been demonstrated by others through acclimation of roots altering growth. Mechanical subsoiling, biological amendments and controlled traffic farming were the most effective mitigation options, but their long-term effects and interactions with soil microbiota are still unknown. Additionally, compaction changes the soil microbial community and chemistry, which results in nutrient cycling disturbances and greenhouse gas emissions. On the whole, these syntheses point to requirements for more integrated ecological and long-term management strategies, combining both physical and biological aspects of soil health and oil palm productivity in tropical landscape overall.

Proximate Analysis And Growth Performance Of Local Upland Rice (Oriza Sativa. L) Treated With Various Doses Of Fish Waste–Secondary Vegetation Bokashi On Marginal Lands Of Small Islands

2026-01-15T06:21:00+07:00

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential food crop and a primary staple for most Indonesian people. One of the potential rice types that can be developed in small island regions is local upland rice, which is known for its strong adaptability to marginal soils and drought conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of fish-waste and secondary-vegetation bokashi on the growth of two local upland rice cultivars, Paewuna (Muna Island) and Wakawondu (Buton Island). The research was conducted in Lupia Village, Kabangka Subdistrict, Muna Regency, from July to October 2025. A factorial randomized block design (RBD) was used, consisting of four bokashi doses: without bokashi (P0), 10 ton ha⁻¹, 20 ton ha⁻¹, and 30 ton ha⁻¹, combined with two cultivars: Wakawondu and Paewuna. Growth parameters observed included plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The results of the study showed that the application of bokashi had a highly significant effect on plant height and leaf length of local upland rice at 4 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP), and on leaf width at 8 WAP, but had no significant effect on plant height at 8 WAP, tiller number at 4 WAP, and the number of leaves at 4, 6, and 8 WAP. The application of 20 tons ha⁻¹ bokashi produced the best plant growth. Furthermore, the effect of cultivar differences showed that the cultivars had a highly significant effect on plant height and leaf length at 4, 6, and 8 WAP, tiller number at 4 WAP, and the number of leaves at 4 and 6 WAP, and a significant effect on tiller number at 6 WAP. The Paewuna cultivar demonstrated superior growth performance compared to the Wakawondu cultivar. Proximate analysis indicated that both Wakawondu and Paewuna cultivars contain high nutritional value, with carbohydrate content ranging from 24–29%, protein 6–8%, fat 1–2%, and crude fiber 8–9%, and are categorized as good for consumption as a community food source.

Effects of LED Light Duration and Growing Media on Growth of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) Microgreens

2026-01-17T06:46:31+07:00

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is a plant that has good adaptability to various environmental conditions, and can be cultivated throughout the year with relatively simple cultivation. This study investigated the effects of LED light exposure duration (9, 12, and 15 hours/day) and various growing media (cocopeat, rice husk charcoal, and rockwool) on the growth of kale microgreens (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) in a controlled indoor environment. Using a split-plot design, key parameters including plant height, leaf number, leaf greenness index, and fresh weight were evaluated over 14 days after planting (DAP). Results indicated that cocopeat significantly enhanced plant height (up to 10.76 cm) and fresh weight (0.55 g), while rockwool promoted superior leaf greenness (22.10 units) and leaf count (2.22 leaves). Longer light exposure (15 hours) improved leaf number, greenness, and fresh weight, with significant interactions observed in leaf count. These findings highlight optimal conditions for urban farming, supporting efficient nutrient-rich microgreen production amid declining agricultural land.

Increasing Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus L.) Growth and Production by Providing NPK Phonska and Gibberellin (GA3)

2026-01-18T13:01:16+07:00

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a plant that has various advantages, one of which is a relatively short harvest period. This study was conducted to determine the most effective dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer and the optimal concentration of gibberellin growth regulator (GA3) to increase the growth and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. This study was conducted from May to August 2025 at the Puri Serang Hijau, Serang City, Banten. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two treatment factors: the dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer (0, 350, 400, and 450 kg/ha) and the concentration of GA3 (0, 150, 175, and 200 ppm). The results showed that a single application of NPK Phonska fertilizer at a dose of 400 kg/ha gave the best effect on the growth and productivity of cucumber. This was reflected in greater plant height and more leaves, compared to other doses. The application of a single GA3 at a concentration of 200 ppm improved plant reproductive characteristics, such as accelerated flowering time. This study highlights the age of flower emergence and harvest age according to the varieties used as research objects.

Increasing the Growth and Production of Pakcoy Plants (Brassica rapa L.) with Variations in Planting Media in Hydroponic Systems

2026-02-04T06:38:32+07:00

Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) is a short-lived leafy vegetable with high nutrient requirements and is highly responsive to environmental conditions, making it well-suited for cultivation using hydroponic systems. Additionally, the limited availability of agricultural land in urban areas due to land conversion necessitates efficient cultivation methods that do not rely on soil. Hydroponic systems offer more precise control over nutrient management and the growing environment compared to conventional soil-based cultivation, potentially increasing production efficiency on limited land. The success of hydroponic pakcoy production is significantly influenced by the type of growing medium, which supports root development, maintains water availability, and facilitates aeration and nutrient absorption. Therefore, research on various growing media is essential to identify the most effective medium for enhancing pakcoy plant growth and yield. This study aims to: 1) determine the effect of various growing media on the growth and production of pakcoy plants in hydroponic systems (Brassica rapa L.); and 2) identify the best alternative growing medium for optimizing the growth and production of pakcoy in hydroponic cultivation. The research was conducted from May to July 2025 in the greenhouse of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic, Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with a non-factorial approach. The factor studied was the growing media, consisting of seven treatments: rockwool, bamboo humus, coconut fiber, chopped fern, rockwool + bamboo humus, rockwool + coconut fiber, and rockwool + chopped fern. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, root length, and fresh plant weight. The results indicated that variations in growing media significantly affected the growth and production of Pakcoy plants in the hydroponic system. The combination of rockwool and coconut fiber as planting media yielded the best results for Pakcoy plant growth and production. Therefore, the optimal alternative planting media for Pakcoy growth and production in the hydroponic system was rockwool combined with coconut fiber.

Increasing the Growth and Yield of Local Rice Varieties and Improving Soil Chemical Properties in Peatlands with Dolomite Application

2026-02-05T06:19:04+07:00

Rice is a staple food crop for many people. However, rice production has been declining annually. If this decline continues, it could lead to a food crisis in Indonesia. The expansion of non-agricultural development has left the remaining agricultural land less fertile, particularly peat soils. This study was conducted on peatland in Tanah Putih District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors was used. The first factor was dolomite lime dose at four levels: 0, 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare. The second factor was rice variety, consisting of three levels: Inpari 32, Caredek, and Rotan. It resulted in 12 treatment combinations, each with three replications, for a total of 36 experimental units. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% significance level. Treatments showing significant differences were further analyzed using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the Caredek variety had the highest values for total tiller number, productive tiller number, and 1000-grain weight. The Inpari variety performed best in plant height, number of grains per panicle, and harvest age. However, dolomite application had no significant effect on any of the observed parameters. The study concluded that the Caredek variety is more adaptable to peat soils than the local Rotan variety.

Increasing the Growth and Production of Purple Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by Providing Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) from Market Waste Enriched with Maja Fruit

2026-02-10T09:21:55+07:00

Eggplant is widely appreciated as a food source across all levels of society and is among the most popular dishes in various communities. Therefore, the growth and production of eggplant require fertilizers to supply essential nutrients. Fertilizer materials can utilize potential waste, such as market waste. To increase the phosphorus content in liquid organic fertilizer, it can be enriched with maja fruit. Liquid organic fertilizer derived from market waste, consisting of vegetables and fruits, contains high levels of nitrogen, which is a fundamental component of protein and chlorophyll in plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applying liquid organic fertilizer (POC) made from market waste enriched with maja fruit on the growth and production of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The experimental research employed a Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were as follows: A0 – no POC application; A1 – POC concentration of 100 ml per liter of water; A2 – POC concentration of 200 ml per liter of water; and A3 – POC concentration of 300 ml per liter of water. The results showed significant effects on flowering and harvest age. The treatment that produced the best results across all parameters was A2, which involved applying market waste POC enriched with maja fruit at a concentration of 200 ml per liter of water. However, this treatment did not significantly affect plant height (cm), fruit weight per plant (grams), or the number of fruits per plant. The liquid organic fertilizer produced contains high levels of essential nutrients, such as boron (B) and iron (Fe), which accelerate the generative phase, including flowering, thereby advancing the plant's harvest age. Reason: The text was revised to improve clarity, coherence, and technical accuracy. Grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors were corrected. Vocabulary was enhanced for better readability and precision, and sentence structure was refined to ensure a smooth flow and a professional tone appropriate for scientific writing.

The Influence of Soil Chemical Properties on Palm Oil Production (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) on Dry Acid Mineral Soil in Rokan Hulu Regency

2026-02-12T06:39:01+07:00

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of Indonesia's leading commodities, significantly contributing to the national GDP, foreign exchange earnings, and tax revenues. As the world’s largest producer and exporter of crude palm oil (CPO), Indonesia’s palm oil industry plays a strategic role in maintaining economic stability and global competitiveness. Oil palm productivity is influenced by various factors, including soil chemical properties, particularly in mineral soils with varying fertility levels. This study aims to analyze the effect of soil chemical properties on oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production in Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The parameters analyzed include soil pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and macronutrient availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). The research methodology involves secondary data collection from plantation companies, multiple linear regression analysis, and Duncan's test to determine the effect of each soil parameter on oil palm production. The results indicate that soil chemical properties, including pH, CEC, BS, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, significantly affect oil palm productivity. Optimal production was observed in soils with a pH of 4.9–6.5, high CEC (>3.8 cmol(+)/kg), and base saturation above 16.3%. The low nutrient content at the study site highlights the need for soil fertility management through liming and organic fertilizers. The study outputs include soil chemical property maps, soil-parameter-based models for predicting oil palm production, and recommendations for mineral soil management to optimize production.