JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Fluctuations in Fruit Fly Population (Bactrocera spp.) and Its Relationship to Environmental Conditions in Red Guava Plantations in Sidoarjo Regency

Indra Djiwanata — 2026-01-07

Crystal guava (Psidium guajava) is a superior variety cultivated in Indonesia. A major constraint in crystal guava production is the high incidence of pest attacks, particularly from fruit flies. This study was conducted in a red guava orchard located in Sidoarjo Regency and Jalan Simorejosari A IV/17 during the period from July to August. The research employed a survey method involving the installation of attractant traps and purposive sampling to collect infested fruit for host rearing. Both trapping and host rearing were used to monitor the fruit fly population. Trapping was carried out by installing attractant traps at five predetermined plots, positioned at a height of 1.5 meters and spaced 20 meters apart. Fruit fly rearing involved collecting infested fruit using purposive sampling from the same five plots, then incubating until adult flies emerged. The fruit fly species attacking the red guava orchard was identified as Bactrocera dorsalis. Independent t-test analysis revealed significant differences between the populations of trapped fruit flies and those obtained from host rearing. The emergence rate of fruit fly adults from host rearing exhibited a negative correlation with the trapped fruit fly population, described by the regression equation Y = 359.282 – 7.2146X. Path analysis indicated that rainfall positively correlates with temperature and humidity, while temperature negatively correlates with humidity. Additionally, rainfall and humidity negatively correlate with the trapped fruit fly population, whereas temperature shows a positive correlation.

Analysis of Lead (PB) Metal Content in Soil and Peanut Seeds Arachis hypogaea With the Application of Coal Ash Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) in Post-Tin Mining Land

Nyayu Siti Khodijah — 2026-01-07

The increase of heavy metal content in post-mining land is one of the main challenges in using tin mine tailings for agricultural activities. This study aimed to determine lead changes (Pb) concentrations in tin mine tailings after the application of Faba (fly ash–bottom ash) and the cultivation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and to evaluate the potential for Pb accumulation in peanut seeds. The experiment was conducted using five levels of Faba application (0; 15; 30; 45; and 60 tons/ha) on tin mine tailings, followed by peanut cultivation for one growing season. The results showed that Faba application increased total soil Pb concentration from 0.09 mg/kg (without Faba) to 19.58 mg/kg (60 tons/ha). However, after peanut cultivation, soil Pb content in all treatments decreased to below the AAS detection limit (< 8.73 mg/kg). Analysis of peanut seeds revealed that Pb levels were also below the detection limit (< 0.165 mg/kg), indicating no significant Pb accumulation in the seeds. This study demonstrates that applying Faba at certain doses can modify the chemical characteristics of mine tailings, and that peanut cultivation has the potential to reduce soil Pb levels through absorption and immobilization mechanisms. The key finding of this study is that combining Faba application at 30–45 tons/ha with peanut cultivation effectively reduces soil Pb content without increasing contamination in harvested seeds. Furthermore, peanut seeds remain safe for consumption due to their very low Pb concentration. Therefore, integrating Faba-based amelioration with the cultivation of excluder or phytoremediation plants, such as peanuts, is recommended as an environmentally friendly tailings reclamation strategy that supports sustainable food security.

Soil Quality Study Of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm) Merr) Plantation in Padanglampe Village, Pangkajene Regency

Asmita Ahmad — 2026-01-07

Pamelo orange plants represent a significant horticultural commodity with substantial economic value and are extensively cultivated in Pangkajene Regency. The quality of Pamelo fruit in Padanglampe Village varies, with some fruits being sweet and others slightly sour, suggesting that differing soil conditions may influence fruit quality. This study aims to investigate the soil quality of Pamelo plants in Padanglampe Village, Ma'rang District, Pangkajene Regency. A quantitative descriptive method was employed, involving the collection of secondary data, field surveys, primary data collection through soil sampling, and laboratory analysis of minimum data sets (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic carbon, and exchangeable potassium). Soil quality indices were analyzed using statistical tests, including principal component analysis (PCA). The findings indicated that soil pH was slightly acidic, organic carbon content was low, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels were categorized as medium. Correlation tests revealed a significant negative correlation at the 1% alpha level between bulk density and porosity, while organic carbon and soil pH were positively correlated at the 5% alpha level. The scree plot showed three eigenvalues corresponding to the main components in PCA1, PCA2, and PCA3 analyses, which can be further examined to determine the Soil Quality Index (SQI) value. The SQI-PC1 value of 0.55 was categorized as moderate, while the SQI-PC2 and SQI-PC3 values were classified as very low. However, the comprehensive soil quality index (CSQI) value was 0.97, indicating outstanding soil quality. This finding suggests that Padanglampe Village has highly favorable soil conditions for pomelo cultivation, though improved management practices are needed to sustain optimal production. The primary strength of this study lies in integrating chemical and physical soil indicators into a single comprehensive index, providing a more holistic assessment of land suitability for pomelo cultivation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that farmers prioritize areas with high SQI values as primary zones for pomelo development and implement sustainable soil management practices, particularly by increasing soil organic matter content and applying appropriate fertilizer management, to maintain soil quality and ensure the long-term sustainability of pomelo production.

Soil Compaction in Oil Palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq.) Plantations: A literature review

Tati Maharani — 2026-01-07

Soil compaction is becoming a serious issue in oil palm plantations due to the escalating mechanization and more intensive field practices. This review consolidates studies into the source, effects and remediation of compaction in order to gain an insight into how soil degradation affects oil palm growth and yield. A systematic review was conducted of studies in tropical and subtropical systems that applied field experiments, geostatistical mapping, and below-ground soil biological analyses. The results indicate that compaction is primarily influenced by mechanism lightening intensity, texture and water status resulting in an increase of bulk density and penetration resistance as well as a reduction of porosity. Even though root biomass reduction and root structural modification frequently take place in compaction treatments, yield response is not always detrimental, partial compensation has been demonstrated by others through acclimation of roots altering growth. Mechanical subsoiling, biological amendments and controlled traffic farming were the most effective mitigation options, but their long-term effects and interactions with soil microbiota are still unknown. Additionally, compaction changes the soil microbial community and chemistry, which results in nutrient cycling disturbances and greenhouse gas emissions. On the whole, these syntheses point to requirements for more integrated ecological and long-term management strategies, combining both physical and biological aspects of soil health and oil palm productivity in tropical landscape overall.

Proximate Analysis And Growth Performance Of Local Upland Rice (Oriza Sativa. L) Treated With Various Doses Of Fish Waste–Secondary Vegetation Bokashi On Marginal Lands Of Small Islands

Wa Ode Hinarti — 2026-01-07

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential food crop and a primary staple for most Indonesian people. One of the potential rice types that can be developed in small island regions is local upland rice, which is known for its strong adaptability to marginal soils and drought conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of fish-waste and secondary-vegetation bokashi on the growth of two local upland rice cultivars, Paewuna (Muna Island) and Wakawondu (Buton Island). The research was conducted in Lupia Village, Kabangka Subdistrict, Muna Regency, from July to October 2025. A factorial randomized block design (RBD) was used, consisting of four bokashi doses: without bokashi (P0), 10 ton ha⁻¹, 20 ton ha⁻¹, and 30 ton ha⁻¹, combined with two cultivars: Wakawondu and Paewuna. Growth parameters observed included plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The results of the study showed that the application of bokashi had a highly significant effect on plant height and leaf length of local upland rice at 4 and 6 weeks after planting (WAP), and on leaf width at 8 WAP, but had no significant effect on plant height at 8 WAP, tiller number at 4 WAP, and the number of leaves at 4, 6, and 8 WAP. The application of 20 tons ha⁻¹ bokashi produced the best plant growth. Furthermore, the effect of cultivar differences showed that the cultivars had a highly significant effect on plant height and leaf length at 4, 6, and 8 WAP, tiller number at 4 WAP, and the number of leaves at 4 and 6 WAP, and a significant effect on tiller number at 6 WAP. The Paewuna cultivar demonstrated superior growth performance compared to the Wakawondu cultivar. Proximate analysis indicated that both Wakawondu and Paewuna cultivars contain high nutritional value, with carbohydrate content ranging from 24–29%, protein 6–8%, fat 1–2%, and crude fiber 8–9%, and are categorized as good for consumption as a community food source.

Effects of LED Light Duration and Growing Media on Growth of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) Microgreens

Hafizh Raihan — 2026-01-07

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is a plant that has good adaptability to various environmental conditions, and can be cultivated throughout the year with relatively simple cultivation. This study investigated the effects of LED light exposure duration (9, 12, and 15 hours/day) and various growing media (cocopeat, rice husk charcoal, and rockwool) on the growth of kale microgreens (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) in a controlled indoor environment. Using a split-plot design, key parameters including plant height, leaf number, leaf greenness index, and fresh weight were evaluated over 14 days after planting (DAP). Results indicated that cocopeat significantly enhanced plant height (up to 10.76 cm) and fresh weight (0.55 g), while rockwool promoted superior leaf greenness (22.10 units) and leaf count (2.22 leaves). Longer light exposure (15 hours) improved leaf number, greenness, and fresh weight, with significant interactions observed in leaf count. These findings highlight optimal conditions for urban farming, supporting efficient nutrient-rich microgreen production amid declining agricultural land.

Increasing Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus L.) Growth and Production by Providing NPK Phonska and Gibberellin (GA3)

Alfrida Azizah — 2026-01-18

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a plant that has various advantages, one of which is a relatively short harvest period. This study was conducted to determine the most effective dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer and the optimal concentration of gibberellin growth regulator (GA3) to increase the growth and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. This study was conducted from May to August 2025 at the Puri Serang Hijau, Serang City, Banten. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two treatment factors: the dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer (0, 350, 400, and 450 kg/ha) and the concentration of GA3 (0, 150, 175, and 200 ppm). The results showed that a single application of NPK Phonska fertilizer at a dose of 400 kg/ha gave the best effect on the growth and productivity of cucumber. This was reflected in greater plant height and more leaves, compared to other doses. The application of a single GA3 at a concentration of 200 ppm improved plant reproductive characteristics, such as accelerated flowering time. This study highlights the age of flower emergence and harvest age according to the varieties used as research objects.