JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Test Effectiveness Fertilizer Organic KoHeA+MF with Substance Regulator Grow Experience To Germination and Growth of Red Chili Seeds (Capsicum Annuum L.) Varieties Lotanbar

Febria Fitri — 2026-05-01

Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Red chili is one of the leading horticultural commodities, widely consumed by
the public for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The demand for red chili continues to increase alongside
population growth. Consequently, increased red chili production must be accompanied by improvements in
quality. The use of high-quality seeds is a major factor in enhancing both quality and yield. The planting medium
is another critical factor influencing plant growth, especially in the nursery stage. Additionally, phytohormones or
plant growth regulators (PGRs) affect seed germination. This study aimed to examine the effects of different
dosages of the organic fertilizer KoHeA + MF, various types of natural PGRs, and their interactions on the
germination and early vegetative growth of red chilli seeds of the Lotanbar variety. The experiment employed a
Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial arrangement with four doses of KoHeA + MF organic fertilizer (0, 5,
10, and 15 tons/ha) and four types of natural PGRs (no PGR, young coconut water, shallot extract, and bamboo
shoot extract), each applied at a 50% concentration. The variables observed included germination rate, maximum
growth potential, plant height, leaf length, and number of leaves. Results indicated that KoHeA + MF organic
fertilizer significantly influenced vegetative growth of red chilli plants, whereas natural PGRs enhanced seed
germination rates. The optimal treatment combined a planting medium mixed with KoHeA + MF at 10 tons/ha and
seed soaking in natural PGR derived from young coconut water

Germination Response of Fruit and Pod Vegetable Seeds Using Cow Manure Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Munia Nabilla Hutabarat — 2026-05-01

The early growth of chilli peppers, long beans, green beans, and okra is often constrained by limited nutrient availability and a heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers, underscoring the need for effective, environmentally friendly organic liquid fertilizers. This study investigated the effects and optimal concentration of M2 (Panchagavya) liquid fertilizer on the early growth of these crops. M2 contains beneficial microbes, natural plant hormones, and essential nutrients that promote seed germination and root development. The fertilizer was prepared by fermenting organic matter for 30 days and tested in both laboratory (petri dish) and field experiments at six concentrations (0–5%) with three replications. Observed parameters included germination rate, root length, fresh and dry weight, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), which were analyzed using ANOVA The results of this study indicate that M2 (Panchagavya) liquid fertilizer significantly enhances the early growth of chili peppers, long beans, green beans, and okra, improving germination rate, root length, and both fresh and dry biomass. M2 promotes root elongation and dry biomass accumulation through its beneficial microbes, natural plant hormones, and essential nutrients, thereby facilitating seedling germination and preparing young plants for efficient nutrient uptake. Optimal M2 concentrations vary by species: 1–2% for green beans and kale, and 4–5% for chillies and okra. This fertilizer is organic and environmentally friendly, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. It is recommended that users apply M2 at species-specific concentrations, particularly during germination and early vegetative growth stages, ensure a 30-day fermentation process to maintain fertilizer quality, and monitor plant growth to adjust dosages as needed.

Influence Concentration and Immersion Time, Substance Regulator Growth of IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) Against Early Seedling Growth Cuttings, Plant Jasmine White (Jasminum sambac)

Ridwan Fajri — 2026-05-01

White jasmine (Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton) is an ornamental plant of high economic value that requires access to quality, uniform seeds. Propagation through stem cuttings often faces challenges in root formation and initial growth. This study aims to analyze the effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration and soaking time on the initial growth of white jasmine cuttings. The study employed a factorial completely randomized design with two factors: IBA concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 parts per million) and soaking time (30, 60, and 90 minutes). The parameters observed included shoot emergence time, shoot length, number of leaves, number of primary roots, and root fresh weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a 5% significance level. The results showed a significant interaction between concentration and soaking time for all parameters. The combination of 100 ppm IBA with a 60-minute soaking time resulted in the fastest shoot emergence (11.27 days), the longest shoot length at eight weeks after planting (11.27 cm), the highest number of leaves (12.60), the greatest number of primary roots (12.52), and the largest fresh root weight (1.06 g). Treatments without growth regulators showed the lowest values for most parameters. Thus, a concentration of 100 ppm with a 60-minute soaking time was the most effective combination for enhancing the initial growth of white jasmine cuttings. Applying this treatment has the potential to improve seedling quality and uniformity, supporting the development of white jasmine cultivation.

Vegetative Response of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) to Nitrophenol Compound Concentration and NPK Fertilizer Dose

Kusmiati — 2026-05-01

Cocoa is a vital plantation commodity in Indonesia, but its productivity is hindered by suboptimal seedling quality. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth response of cocoa seedlings to various combinations of nitrophenol compound concentrations and NPK fertilizer doses, and to identify the optimal treatment combination. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pasir Pengaraian University, Riau, from June to October 2025, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement. The first factor was the concentration of nitrophenol compounds (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 ml/L), and the second factor was the NPK fertilizer dose (0, 5, and 10 g per polybag). The parameters measured included plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root volume, and dry weight. Data were statistically analyzed using an F-test (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level with PKBT-STAT 3.2, followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. The results indicated a highly significant interaction (P < 0.01) between nitrophenol compounds and NPK fertilizer on all measured parameters. The combination of 4.5 ml/L nitrophenol compounds and 10 g/polybag NPK fertilizer produced the best results, with a plant height of 46.00 cm, 17 leaves, a stem diameter of 0.69 cm, a root volume of 6.50 ml, and a dry weight of 4.38 g. These findings demonstrate that increasing both the concentration of the nitrophenol compound and the fertilizer dose synergistically enhances the vigor and quality of cocoa seedlings.

Diversity Insect Plant Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) on Land Orgosol, MARDI, Selangor, Malaysia

Muhammad Fachri Ansyida Ritonga — 2026-05-01

This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of insect species on jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) plants in the MARDI organic farmland, Selangor, Malaysia. Data collection was conducted over 12 days, from September 23 to October 4, 2025, using two primary methods: Yellow Sticky Traps (YST) and manual capture. The data obtained included the number of individuals from various insect orders, including Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Dictyoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera, as well as Arachnida, totaling 4,245 individuals. The results showed that the order Hymenoptera (predators) dominated with 1,589 individuals, followed by Hemiptera (600) and Diptera (beneficials) (463), while the lowest number was recorded in Orthoptera (6 individuals). The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') value was observed on day 6 (1.950), indicating a relatively balanced ecosystem, whereas the lowest value occurred on day 9 (1.597) due to the dominance of predatory Hymenoptera. The highest species richness (Margalef index) was also recorded on day 6 (2.88), indicating robust species diversity, and species similarity (Sorensen index) reached a maximum value of 1.0 on day 12, indicating the stability of the insect community. Overall, these results indicate fluctuating insect population dynamics, with a tendency toward ecosystem stability by the end of the observation period.

Antagonistic Evaluation of Trichoderma against The Pathogens Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, and Phytophthora using Dual Culture and Split Plate Techniques

Muhammad Rasyid Hamidy — 2026-05-01

Plant pathogens such as Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, and Phytophthora are major causal agents of significant yield losses in tropical horticultural crops. Among various biological control agents, Trichoderma species have been widely studied due to their antagonistic capabilities, rapid colonization, and ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes. Dual-culture and split-plate assays are commonly used to evaluate direct inhibition mechanisms and inhibition mediated by volatile compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma reesei against three tropical pathogens using both assay methods. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma reesei against three major tropical plant pathogens—Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis microspora, and Phytophthora palmivora—was assessed using dual-culture and split-plate techniques. In the dual-culture assay, T. reesei showed varying levels of inhibition across the tested pathogens. The highest mean inhibition was observed against P. microspora (89.37 ± 1.48%), followed by C. gloeosporioides (87.22 ± 2.01%), and the lowest against P. palmivora (84.37 ± 1.35%). Statistical analysis (GLM, F = 9.38; p = 0.0063) revealed significant differences among pathogens, with Tukey's test indicating that inhibition against Pestalotiopsis was significantly greater than against Phytophthora palmivora. The results indicate that Trichoderma reesei exhibits more effective antagonistic activity against Pestalotiopsis than against Phytophthora palmivora. This suggests that the inhibitory mechanisms of T. reesei are more specific and potent against certain pathogens, particularly necrotrophic fungi such as Pestalotiopsis. This specificity enhances its value as a biological control agent by demonstrating selectivity toward target pathogens. Another advantage of T. reesei is its ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes, such as chitinase and glucanase, that degrade the cell walls of pathogens. This enzymatic activity strengthens the effectiveness of biological inhibition without causing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, T. reesei has strong potential as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides. Users are encouraged to integrate T. reesei with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Combining it with proper cultivation techniques—such as field sanitation, crop rotation, and the use of resistant varieties—will enhance overall disease control effectiveness. Additionally, environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and soil pH should be considered, as they influence the activity of T. reesei. Optimizing these conditions will improve colonization and antagonistic activity of this microorganism in the field.

Contribution Biopellets as Energy New Renewable from Stalks, Bunches, Waste, Fresh Fruit Bunches, and Shells Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Brefty Meysi Afrilia F — 2026-05-01

Indonesia is the world's largest producer of coconut palm oil, with a total production of 46,986,128 tons in 2023, cultivated over 16,833,985 hectares. This research aims to utilize waste from harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of coconut palm oil—specifically, bunch stalks and coconut shells—as raw materials for the manufacture of biopellets. Additionally, the study evaluates the influence of varying compositions on the quality characteristics of biopellets, including calorific value, moisture content, ash content, density, and combustion rate. The research employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a non-factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of five composition levels of fresh fruit bunches to coconut shell ratios: 100% FFB: 0% shell (K1), 75%: 25% (K2), 50%: 50% (K3), 25%: 75% (K4), and 0%: 100% (K5). Each treatment was replicated three times. The study stages included raw material preparation, chopping, drying of TBS stalks, milling to a particle size of 30 mesh (<0.6 mm), mixing with coconut shell using an adhesive made from gaplek/tapioca flour, pelletizing, drying in an oven at 80°C for 1 hour, and subsequent quality testing according to research parameters. Results indicate that the proportion of coconut shell significantly affects the biopellet characteristics. The highest calorific value was observed in treatment K5 (100% shell) at 3,924.24 cal/g, while the lowest was in K1 (100% FFB) at 3,226.64 cal/g. All treatments met the SNI 8675:2018 standard for moisture content, with the lowest at 5.47% in K5 and the highest at 6.60% in K2. However, ash content across all treatments did not meet the SNI standard, ranging from 22.80% to 36.13%. Biopellet density met the standard, averaging 0.73 g/cm³, and the combustion rate also complied with the standard, averaging 0.00096 g/second. In conclusion, substituting coconut shell for fresh fruit bunch stalks increases the calorific value and improves several quality parameters of biopellets, with the best results observed in treatment K5 for calorific value and moisture content.

Soil Fertility Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Paddy Field Change In Gorontalo Under LP2B Policy

Yusriyah Atikah Gobel — 2026-05-01

This study quantitatively assessed the intrinsic soil quality and spatio-temporal dynamics of paddy field conversion in Gorontalo Regency between 2017 and 2023, specifically under the Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) policy. The fundamental inquiry of this research concerns the real efficacy of passive regulatory policy instruments in protecting agricultural natural capital against intense development pressures. Utilizing Sentinel satellite imagery and the Random Forest algorithm within the Google Earth Engine (GEE), detailed change detection and zonal analyses were performed. This was augmented by empirical field sampling and laboratory analysis to quantify the mean levels of critical soil fertility indicators, including Organic Carbon (OC) and Total Nitrogen (TN), in protected and newly established areas. A significant policy paradox was identified. While the regency experienced a net increase of 4,226.54 ha in total paddy field area, the legally protected LP2B zones suffered an undeniable net loss of 23.76 ha. Crucially, the soils lost from LP2B areas were intrinsically superior, exhibiting significantly higher mean levels of OC (3.15% vs. 1.88%) and TN (0.28% vs. 0.15%) compared to the newly established areas outside the LP2B boundary, which utilized lower-quality, marginal land. The most important findings highlight that the policy has failed to preserve the highest quality land, resulting in resource substitution (quality for quantity). This study strongly recommends the adoption of spatially targeted incentive strategies and the integration of a Weighted Land Loss Metric, based on soil fertility parameters, into policy monitoring to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of regional food production systems.

The Effect of Interaction of Microbially Immobilized Biochar and Salinity Stress on Soil Chemical Properties (pH, EC, C-organic, and CEC) in Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Cultivation

Nofia Wahyu Puspita — 2026-05-01

Soil salinity reduces nutrient availability and inhibits plant growth. While red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) exhibits tolerance to suboptimal conditions, its growth declines significantly under high salinity stress. This study evaluated the efficacy of microbially immobilized biochar in ameliorating the chemical properties of saline-stressed soil and enhancing red spinach growth. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: biochar dose (0, 15, 30, and 45 t ha⁻¹) and NaCl salinity levels (0, 4, 6, and 8 mS cm⁻¹), with three replications totaling 48 experimental units. Soil parameters measured included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (C), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at 0 and 28 days after planting (DAP), while fresh plant weight was recorded at 28 DAP. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results indicated that biochar application significantly influenced soil pH and CEC. The 30 t ha⁻¹ treatment yielded the highest pH (7.31) at 28 DAP, whereas the 45 t ha⁻¹ treatment achieved the maximum CEC (61.84 cmol kg⁻¹). NaCl stress significantly increased soil EC from 0.93 to 8.69 mS cm⁻¹ at the highest dose, while organic carbon remained unaffected by either treatment. Although the 15 t ha⁻¹ dose was optimal for pH improvement and the 45 t ha⁻¹ dose for CEC enhancement, the 45 t ha⁻¹ treatment overall proved most effective in improving the chemical properties of saline soil and supporting red spinach growth, maintaining stable pH, EC, CEC, and organic carbon values through 28 DAP.

Utilization of Aquaculture Effluent as an Organic Fertilizer to Improve Soil Fertility and Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Yield

Wira Hadianto — 2026-05-01

This study evaluated the potential of aquaculture effluent as a liquid organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) productivity. Conducted in Blang Berandang Village, West Aceh Regency, the experiment employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments: a control (0% effluent), inorganic fertilizer, and four effluent concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), each replicated four times. Measured variables included soil chemical properties (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium), plant growth parameters, and tuber yield. Results indicated that the aquaculture effluent was rich in nutrients, containing 35.2 mg L⁻¹ nitrogen, 12.6 mg L⁻¹ P₂O₅, and 22.4 mg L⁻¹ K₂O, with a C/N ratio of 3.6. Effluent application significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, raising soil pH from 5.5 to 6.9 and organic carbon from 1.25% to 2.45%. Furthermore, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium levels increased in proportion to effluent concentration. The 75% effluent treatment yielded the optimal results, producing a plant height of 135.4 cm and a tuber weight of 4.12 kg per plant—a 90% increase compared to the control. These findings demonstrate that aquaculture effluent significantly enhances soil fertility and cassava productivity relative to untreated controls. Consequently, its utilization offers a sustainable, eco-friendly strategy for integrated aquaculture–agriculture systems, contributing to increased crop production while mitigating environmental impacts associated with aquaculture waste.

Biodiversity Study on Various Land Uses in Jatiarjo Village, Pasuruan Regency

Muhammad Ramdhan Kalandoro Wardoyo — 2026-05-01

Biological diversity is part of the ecological chain within the environment or ecosystem. The interrelationship among all living organisms, including microorganisms, flora, and fauna, cannot be overlooked. Biological diversity is often used as an indicator of ecosystem health. Biodiversity can be measured using the biological diversity index introduced by Shannon and Wiener, which serves as a reference for evaluating diversity levels. This research aims to examine existing biological diversity. The study uses the Shannon–Wiener method, which is commonly used to measure species diversity within communities across various land-use types, including Garden Mix 1, Garden Mix 2, fields, and gardens. Each land-use type possesses different vegetation diversity characteristics. Garden Mix 1 combines woody plants and horticultural crops, whereas Garden Mix 2 features a mix of horticultural plants and shrubs. The results of this research may serve as a recommendation and as a foundation for further sustainable studies, such as carbon stock research and biodiversity assessments.

The Effect of Shade from Two-Year-Old Oil Palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) on the Quality of Chili Pepper Seeds (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Darmawansyah — 2026-05-01

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a seasonal crop with high economic value and is widely cultivated in both highland and lowland areas of Indonesia. As an important horticultural commodity and a staple ingredient in Indonesian cuisine, improving chili productivity requires rapid, accurate methods for seed quality assessment. The physiological quality of chili pepper seeds plays a crucial role in germination success and seedling establishment. Therefore, information regarding seed quality variation among genotypes is essential for selecting superior seed sources. This study aimed to evaluate the seed quality of five Capsicum frutescens genotypes based on viability, vigor, and membrane integrity parameters. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications, using genotype as the treatment factor. Observations included germination percentage (GP), maximum growth potential (MGP), radicle emergence (RE), vigor index (VI), growth rate (GR), growth synchrony (GS), normal seedling dry weight (NSDW), seedling growth rate (SGR), electrical conductivity (EC), and tetrazolium viability (TZ). Analysis of variance revealed that genotype had a highly significant effect on all observed parameters at the 1% level of significance (α = 0.01). Genotype G3 exhibited the highest performance in key viability and vigor parameters, with GP of 71.50%, MGP of 77.50%, RE of 54.50%, VI of 55.00%, GR of 54.70% etmal⁻¹, GS of 60.50%, NSDW of 0.284 g, SGR of 0.00795 g KN⁻¹, and TZ viability of 88%, accompanied by the lowest EC value (17.792 µS cm⁻¹). In contrast, genotypes G1 and G4 showed the lowest values across most parameters, whereas G2 demonstrated moderate performance with relatively high vigor. These findings indicate that the physiological quality of cayenne pepper seeds varies among genotypes and is strongly influenced by genetic factors. This study provides valuable insights into seed quality under shaded conditions and contributes to the development of strategies for improving chili growth and adaptability in shaded environments.

Soil cover vegetation analysis on soil physical properties at PT Cibaliung Tunggal Plantation Cibaliung I Rokan Hilir regency Riau province

Muhammad Nurkolis Baru Bara — 2026-05-01

Ground cover vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining soil quality and preventing degradation by altering soil physical properties. This study aimed to analyze differences in soil physical properties, particularly bulk density, porosity, and water content, in areas covered with different types of ground cover vegetation at PT Cibaliung Tunggal Plantation, Kebun Cibaliung I, Riau. The method used was a field survey with purposive sampling of soil at two depths, namely 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. The observation sites included three vegetation conditions: fern (Nephrolepis biserrata), crocodile-nest grass (Ottochloa nodosa), and bare land. Laboratory analysis indicated that vegetation significantly improved soil physical properties. The lowest bulk density values were found in areas with Ottochloa nodosa vegetation (0.35–0.78 g/cm³), whereas the highest values were found in areas without vegetation (1.35–1.45 g/cm³). All locations exhibited “very good” porosity criteria (>20%), with the highest values in Ottochloa nodosa areas reaching 88–95%. In terms of water retention, vegetated areas demonstrated greater capacity than bare areas; the highest water content was recorded in O. nodosa areas (81–202%), whereas bare areas exhibited water content ranging from 18–21%. This study concluded that using ground cover vegetation can significantly reduce soil density and increase porosity and water storage capacity, thereby supporting sustainable land productivity, especially during the oil palm replanting period. These findings highlight Ottochloa nodosa's superior performance in optimizing soil moisture and structure, suggesting that plantation managers should prioritize its conservation to enhance long-term soil sustainability.

Morphometric Comparison Horned Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) from Location SEAT Ungaran, Banyumas, and Pangandaran

Achmad Himawan — 2026-05-01

The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) is a major pest of coconut and oil palm in Indonesia. Its attacks can cause up to 25% damage to young palms and reduce fresh fruit bunch production by up to 69%. This study aimed to compare the body morphometrics of male and female O. rhinoceros collected from SEAT Ungaran (oil palm), Banyumas (coconut), and Pangandaran (coconut) in Java. Adult beetles were obtained using pheromone traps (SEAT Ungaran) and manual collection (Banyumas and Pangandaran), then measured for 20 external characters, including body, pronotum, elytra, antennae, scutellum, and leg segments. Morphometric data were analyzed using t-tests to compare sexes within locations and analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level to compare populations among locations. Several characters, particularly horn length, pronotum size, and hind leg segments, differed significantly between males and females at each site. In addition, body length, pronotum width, elytra length, and hind leg tibia length showed significant differences among populations from SEAT Ungaran, Banyumas, and Pangandaran. These characters are informative for distinguishing local populations of O. rhinoceros and provide baseline morphometric data to support location-specific management strategies for this pest.

Effectiveness Test of Botanical Pesticide Formulation of Combination of Lime Leaves and Lemongrass Against Aphids (Aphis spp.) on Katokkon Chili Plants in-Vitro

Driyunitha — 2026-05-01

Aphids (Aphis spp.) are one of the main pests that damage Katokkon chilies by sucking plant sap and transmitting viruses. Excessive use of chemical pesticides can lead to resistance and environmental problems; therefore, environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a botanical pesticide formulation derived from lime (Citrus spp.) leaves and citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) against Aphis spp. Mortality in vitro. This experiment used a completely randomized design with 7 treatment levels (R1-R5, KP, KN) and 5 replications. Observed parameters included physicochemical stability of the formulation (pH, density and viscosity), pest mortality from 4-72 hours and toxicity based on probit analysis (LT50). Results showed that formulations were stable in storage for 14 days, with the smallest changes in pH, density and viscosity. The highest mortality was found in R4 (83.33%), followed by R3 (70.83%) and R2 (62.50%), while solvent control reached only 2.50%. Probit analysis revealed that R4 gave the shortest LT50 value (8.70 hours), followed by R3 (24.93 hours) and R2 (35.61 hours). Based on these results, a combination of lime and citronella, with a ratio of 25%:75% (R4), is the most effective formulation as a botanical pesticide against Aphis spp.

Screening for Resistance in New Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes to Downy Mildew (Peronosclerospora spp.)

Taufiq Hidayatullah — 2026-05-01

Downy mildew in maize plants (Peronosclerospora spp.) is a major disease that reduces maize productivity. The use of resistant varieties is a sustainable solution for managing the development of this disease. This research seeks to evaluate the resistance of hybrid maize genotypes to downy mildew under strong natural infection pressure in an endemic field environment. The study was conducted from July to October 2024 in an area endemic to maize downy mildew, namely Rambai Village, South Pariaman District, Pariaman City, West Sumatra Province. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. A total of 22 maize genotypes were used in this study, comprising 20 test genotypes and 2 comparison varieties: the P32 maize hybrid and the Sukmaraga composite. Downy mildew screening was performed using spreader rows as the inoculum source. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on a randomized block design, and mean comparisons were performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level when genotype effects were significant. The results showed that genotype effects on disease incidence and severity were significant at 21 and 35 days after planting, but not significant at 28 and 42 days after planting. Nine test genotypes were classified as very resistant, while the remaining eleven test genotypes and the two check varieties were classified as resistant. Genotype G8 was classified as very resistant, with the lowest incidence (19.67%) and severity (5.96%). Other genotypes classified as very resistant were HUA18 (G18), HUA1 (G1), HUA15 (G15), HUA9 (G9), HUA2 (G2), HUA19 (G19), HUA16 (G16), and HUA6 (G6). These findings suggest that genotypes classified as very resistant and resistant should be further evaluated, particularly through preliminary yield trials to assess plant performance and yield potential.

The Effect of LOF Concentration in AB MIX on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) Wick System

Realina Saragih — 2026-05-01

Conventional oil palm nursery systems face significant challenges, including limited nutrient availability, land dependency, and pest infestations, which drive the adoption of hydroponic systems as a sustainable alternative. This study evaluated the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from goat manure and straw waste on the growth of pre-nursery oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis) using a wick hydroponic system. While standard hydroponic systems typically use water-soluble inorganic fertilizers like AB Mix, which provide complete macro- and micronutrients readily available to plants, this study investigated LOF as a sustainable alternative that aligns with organic agriculture principles. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse over three months using a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. Treatments included AB Mix (control) and mixtures of AB Mix with goat manure LOF or straw waste LOF at concentrations of 400, 800, and 1,200 ppm. Observed variables included plant height, leaf count, stem diameter, and leaf width. Results indicated that the AB Mix treatment alone yielded superior vegetative growth compared to treatments supplemented with goat manure or straw waste LOF. These findings suggest that while AB Mix remains more effective for supporting oil palm seedling growth in the pre-nursery phase, LOF holds potential as a supplementary nutrient in hydroponic systems with optimized formulations and concentrations. This research provides a foundational basis for developing more efficient and sustainable oil palm nursery technologies.

Comparison of CH4 Emission Figures in Closed Chamber and IPCC Measurements in Rice Fields (Oryza sativa L.) with Different Flooding Rates

Celline Julita — 2026-05-01

Greenhouse gas emissions CH₄ from paddy fields vary under different flooding systems and are often not fully represented by IPCC estimates. This study compared IPCC calculations with direct field measurements using the Closed Chamber and titration methods to obtain more accurate local emission values. The research was conducted in Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency (July–October 2025) using a survey method with purposive random sampling based on flooding systems (continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation). Emissions were observed across vegetative, generative, and harvest phases. The IPCC method produces CH₄ emission estimates that are approximately 1,39 times higher than those obtained using the closed chamber method. These discrepancies arise from the distinct approaches of the two methods: the IPCC method relies on standardized emission factors, resulting in more conservative estimates, while the closed chamber method measures fluxes directly at specific moments, making it more sensitive to daily field variations. During the generative phase, continuously flooded systems generate higher CH₄ emissions, whereas intermittent irrigation systems tend to reduce CH₄ release. This study provides locally validated CH₄ emission data that better represent actual field conditions and improve the accuracy of regional greenhouse gas inventories compared to default IPCC factors. Phase-based observations enhance understanding of temporal emission dynamics in rice cultivation. The findings recommend intermittent irrigation as an effective mitigation strategy to reduce CH₄ emissions, particularly during the generative phase, and encourage the integration of local field measurements into greenhouse gas reporting to support more accurate climate mitigation planning.

Correlation Analysis of Aloe Vera-Based Liquid Organic Fertilizer and SP-36 Application on The Growth of Sugar Palm Seedling (Arenga pinnata Merr.)

Umar Husein Abdullah — 2026-05-01

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between vegetative growth parameters of sugar palm seedlings after administration of Aloe vera-based liquid organic fertiliser combined with SP-36 fertiliser using correlation analysis. This experiment used a randomised block design consisting of five treatment levels & five replications. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS version 25. The findings revealed that these treatment combinations generated relationships classified as strong to very strong among the observed growth parameters. A very strong correlation was identified between the number of leaf sheaths and both plant height and stem diameter, highlighting the crucial function of leaves in enhancing photosynthetic activity and biomass production. In addition, plant height exhibited a very strong association with stem diameter, indicating an interconnection between primary and secondary growth processes. Statistical analysis demonstrated that several variables had a significant influence (Sig. F < 0.05), particularly in the relationships involving leaf sheath number with plant height and stem diameter, as well as between plant height and stem diameter. Although higher LOF dosages tended to promote plant growth, there were signs of a threshold beyond which nutrient uptake efficiency may decline. Overall, the integration of Aloe vera-based LOF with SP-36 fertiliser shows promising potential to improve vegetative growth in sugar palm effectively, and may represent a sustainable fertilisation approach. The optimum response was observed at moderate LOF doses, indicating that balanced nutrient management is essential to maximise vegetative growth efficiency in sugar palm seedlings.

Application of Fly Ash-Based Soil Amendments to Improve The Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza Sativa. L)

Ismon Lenin — 2026-05-01

The quality of organic soil amendments can be enhanced by incorporating mineral materials such as fly ash, zeolite, and dolomite in appropriate formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of soil amendments formulated from various organic matter sources combined with fly ash and to assess their effects on the growth and yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions from April to December 2024 using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The tested soil amendment formulations were based on fly ash (F), palm oil mill effluent (POME; LC), rice straw compost (JP), cattle manure compost (PK), and Tithonia diversifolia compost (TT). The observed parameters included soil amendment characteristics (pH, organic C, total N, total P, total K, and total Si) and rice growth and yield variables. The results demonstrated that increases in rice yield were positively correlated with the silica content of the soil amendments. Soil amendments formulated from rice straw compost, cattle manure compost, and Tithonia diversifolia compost in combination with fly ash complied with the technical standards specified in SNI 7763:2024 and the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. The highest rice yield was obtained from treatment FKF4, consisting of cattle manure compost amended with fly ash at 75% of the compost dry weight and applied at a rate of 10 t ha⁻¹. To improve both the quality of soil amendments and lowland rice productivity, compost should be blended with fly ash at proportions exceeding 50% of the compost dry weight.

Influence Stress Drought to Anatomy and Morphology of Leaf Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Local West Sumatra

Tri Budiyanti — 2026-05-01

Drought stress is a primary limiting factor affecting the growth and productivity of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), particularly in dryland regions. This study evaluated the effects of drought stress on the anatomical and morphological characteristics of local chili pepper genotypes from West Sumatra. The experiment used a randomized block factorial design with two factors: water availability (80% and 50% field capacity) and three genotypes (Bonsai Tanah Datar, Kampung Manangah, and Tali). Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced leaf count, fruit number, leaf size, and stomatal characteristics. Specifically, plants subjected to 50% field capacity exhibited smaller guard cells, reduced stomatal dimensions, and decreased leaf area compared to those under optimal watering conditions. A significant decline in fruit number was also observed. Among the tested genotypes, Kampung Manangah demonstrated superior adaptability. These morphological and anatomical changes reflect adaptive responses to water deficit. The findings provide critical selection criteria for breeding drought-tolerant chili genotypes. Consequently, the Kampung Manangah genotype warrants further investigation to develop varieties with enhanced drought tolerance.

Morphological Variation in The Leaf Shape of Banana Kepok Tanjung (Musa paradisiaca L.) Derived From Tissue Culture

Bambang Hariyanto — 2026-05-01

Banana seedlings produced through tissue culture exhibit both narrow and broad leaves shape. Assessing these leaf shapes in field conditions is limited regarding their morphological changes, growth, and yield. This research undertook a comprehensive morphological analysis to investigate the development of narrow and broad leaves in banana Kepok Tanjung, from the seedling phase to field conditions. The study was conducted in Solok, West Sumatra, from January 2024 to July 2025. The study involved transplanting tissue-cultured narrow and broad leaves banana Kepok Tanjung seedlings into the field, totaling 70 plants (35 with narrow leaves and 35 with broad leaves) after the emergence of 5-8 leaves. Sixty morphological traits, including the pseudostem, leaves, inflorescence, and fruit, were observed following guidelines established by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The findings revealed that variations in narrow and broad leaves morphology were evident in five vegetative growth parameters: plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number. In contrast, 55 qualitative morphological traits and reproductive features remained consistent between the two phenotypes. The genetic similarity based on leaf shape morphology of banana Kepok Tanjung was 0.957. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram formed a single cluster with a genetic distance of 0.96, indicating close genetic relationships. This research helps in identifying key leaf traits that improve the classification and selection of banana Kepok Tanjung seedlings derived from tissue culture for better growth. It is recommended that users study these traits further to enhance breeding programs and improve management practices for banana cultivation.

Biological Control of Leaf Diseases Caused by Pestalotiopsis sp.: A Bibliometric and Narrative Review

Yossi Aprian Nursalim — 2026-05-01

Pestalotiopsis sp. is an important fungal pathogen associated with leaf diseases, which pose a significant threat to sustainable crop production. This study aims to identify publication trends, global research distribution, and key research focuses related to the biological control of Pestalotiopsis spp. in plants. Data were collected from scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2005 to 2025. Using AND/OR search terms, namely: (Title-Abs-Key (Biological And Control) And Title-Abs-Key (Pestalotiopsis)) And Pubyear > 2004 And Pubyear < 2026 And (Limit-To (Subjarea, “Agri”) Or Limit-To (Subjarea, “Bioc”) Or Limit-To (Subjarea, “Medi”) Or Limit-To (Subjarea, “Envi”) Or Limit-To (Subjarea, “Immu”)) And (Limit-To (Doctype, “Ar”)) And (Limit-To (Language, “English”)), a total of 91 scientific articles were identified. The selected publications were analyzed using VOSviewer version 1.6.20 to evaluate publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution. The results show a significant increase in research activity, particularly after 2021, with a shift towards mechanism-based biological control strategies. Key antagonistic microorganisms, including Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and endophytic fungi, exhibit strong inhibitory effects through antibiosis, enzymatic degradation, competition, and induction of plant resistance. A key strength of this review is the integration of bibliometric mapping with mechanistic synthesis, which allows for the identification of thematic evolution, key biocontrol agents, and critical research gaps. Although biological control has demonstrated strong effectiveness under laboratory conditions, field validation and large-scale implementation are still limited. This review provides a comprehensive scientific reference and practical guidance to support future research and accelerate sustainable biological control strategies for Pestalotiopsis-associated diseases.

Lactuca sativa L. Growth in DFT Hydroponic System

Nofrianil — 2026-05-01

The cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in hydroponic farming aims to replace the conventional nutrient source, AB mix, with an organic fertilizer known as Jakaba. Hydroponic cultivation is a soilless farming method in which plants receive nutrients through a solution. The objective is to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers in AB mix, which are often inconsistent and costly. This study utilized a Deep Flow Technique (DFT) hydroponic system with a completely randomized design. The results indicate that applying Jakaba at 20 ml/L and 30 ml/L did not fully replicate the effects of AB mix on lettuce leaf size. However, the Jakaba treatment resulted in a greater number of leaves compared to the AB mix. Therefore, while Jakaba can enhance leaf number development, it does not achieve the same leaf length and width as AB mix. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand Jakaba's impact on lettuce growth and development in hydroponic systems. Additionally, the nutrient quality of Jakaba and its optimal dosage require careful evaluation.

Matcha as A Functional Plant Within The Indonesian Media Context

Prasetyo Adinugroho — 2026-05-01

This study analyzes the framing of matcha as a functional plant in Indonesian online media, with a special focus on how agronomic quality attributes become the foundation that translates matcha as a functional plant. Matcha (Camellia sinensis L.) has transformed from an ancient Japanese tradition into a global phenomenon, including in Indonesia, driven by awareness of its health potential such as antioxidant content (especially EGCG), skin beauty benefits, and protection against degenerative diseases. Using a qualitative approach with Robert M. Entman's (1993) framing model, this study analyzes five articles from Indonesian online media published between 2023-2025, including Universitas Alma Ata, Rumah Sakit SMC, Tanilink, RRI.co.id, and VIVA.co.id. The analysis results show that media consistently frame matcha as a superior functional beverage with health and beauty benefits, supported by narratives about bioactive content and traditional Japanese production processes. All articles (100%) define problems, diagnose causes, and offer solutions, while 80% include moral judgments. Specific findings reveal a paradoxical reality: amidst intense coverage of matcha benefits dominated by imported products, Indonesian farmers have successfully produced matcha of quality equivalent to Japan. This study concludes that integrating local production narratives into health and lifestyle coverage in mainstream media can form a holistic matcha ecosystem, opening opportunities for tea agronomy development in Indonesia, reducing import dependence, and improving farmer welfare through high-value added products.

The Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi Combinations on the Growth and Production of Corn ( Zea mays L.)

Indri Yanil Vajri VAJRI — 2026-05-01

Entomopathogenic fungi (CEPs) possess dual potential as biological control agents and endophytes that modulate plant physiological processes. Single applications of CEPs often provide suboptimal protection and growth support, necessitating a synergistic, interspecies combination approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of single and combined inoculations of CEPs on the growth, chlorophyll content, and yield components of shelled corn (Zea mays L.). A Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and four replications was employed. The treatments included Beauveria bassiana (BBWS), Metarhizium anisopliae (B22C), and Trichoderma asperellum (A116), applied singly or in combination via seed soaking for six hours. Sterile distilled water served as the control. Observed parameters included plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and yield components. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% significance level. Results indicated that fungal inoculation had no significant effect on corn vegetative growth six weeks after planting. However, the combination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae produced the highest total chlorophyll content (1,101 μg g⁻¹), whereas single inoculations decreased chlorophyll levels, likely due to carbon costs during the initial phase of endophyte colonization. Importantly, the combination of M. anisopliae and T. asperellum yielded the highest number of kernels per ear, ear weight, and 100-kernel weight. This research advances previous studies by demonstrating that synergistic fungal combinations effectively mitigate early-phase carbon costs, thereby maximizing crop yields compared to single applications. Therefore, the combination of M. anisopliae and T. asperellum is recommended as a biofertilizer formula and biocontrol agent for sustainable corn kernel production.

Response of Growth and Production of Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.) by Administering NPK 16:16:16 Using a Wick Hydroponic System

Evi Julianita Harahap — 2026-05-01

Wick hydroponics is a simple hydroponic method because it uses a wick to connect the nutrients to the roots of the plant. NPK 16:16:16 is a compound fertilizer that contains balanced nutrients N, P and K, each amounting to 16%. The objective of this study was to determine the response of growth and production of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) to NPK 16:16:16 in a wick hydroponic system. The research was conducted at the UF (University Farm) of Teuku Umar University, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency, in December-January 2024. The study employed a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 concentrations of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer and 3 replications, yielding a total of 30 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of three sample plants grown in a single Styrofoam container, giving a total of 90 sample plants. The NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer concentrations evaluated were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 g L⁻¹. Analysis of variance data using SPSS version 25 software with the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) as a further test. The results of the research showed that the provision of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer had a significant effect on the growth of mustard greens, as indicated by differences in plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width. Providing NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer resulted in a significant difference in mustard green production, as measured by plant wet weight and plant dry weight. Based on the research findings, the application of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer was shown to enhance vegetative growth and yield of mustard greens grown in the wick hydroponic system, thereby increasing crop productivity. The application of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer at a concentration of 0.5 g/L is recommended for mustard green cultivation in a wick hydroponic system as an effective fertilization alternative to improve plant growth and increase harvest yield.

Improving Soil Quality with Intercropping System: Corn (Zea (Mays) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Feri Agriani — 2026-05-01

The conversion of rubber land to oil palm in the TBM phase has the potential to cause soil degradation due to low organic matter and nutrient availability. low organic matter and increasing risk of erosion on the plant. Not yet producing (TBM). Land conditions are open, without vegetation, which speeds up washing. Nutrients are essential, so a management strategy is needed that maintains soil quality while providing economic benefits to farmers. The intercropping system of corn and soybeans is an important strategy for improving soil quality while increasing economic benefits for oil palm farmers. Study This aim analyze influence system intercropping corn (Zea mays) And soya bean (Glycine max) to change characteristic physique and chemistry land on TBM phase oil palm land resulting from conversion from rubber, and comparing the quality of the soil with the land without intercropping. The study was conducted in the Village of Cape Rambutan, Regency of Kampar, with a purposive sampling design. Sample land taken before and after the implementation of intercropping, with a total of 48 samples analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters observed included soil physical properties (texture, bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate and water-holding capacity). Water level and characteristic soil chemistry (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, CEC, exchangeable bases, and base saturation). Data were analyzed, and the results of the research showed that the application of the corn and soybean intercropping system improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil on oil palm land during the TBM phase, making it a more effective and sustainable land management method. Therefore, this system is recommended to farmers and plantation managers as an alternative to maintain soil quality while increasing the economic value of the land.

Optimizing NPK Fertilization with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Inoculation to Enhance Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Performance under Drought Stress

Nabil Hisyam — 2026-05-01

Shallots are a high-value horticultural commodity in high demand due to their role in food security. While the demand for shallots increases significantly each year alongside population growth, it has not been matched by stable production increases due to cultivation constraints—one of which is unfavorable environmental factors such as drought. The low tolerance of the plants to water scarcity and their shallow root systems result in inhibited nutrient absorption and reduced yields. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase shallot production, such as through mycorrhizal inoculation and appropriate NPK fertilization. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of mycorrhizal inoculation dosage and NPK fertilizer dosage to influence the growth and yield of the ‘Tajuk’ shallot variety under drought stress conditions.This research was designed as a two-factor factorial experiment arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the mycorrhiza dose, consisting of four treatment levels: 0 g/plant (Control), 5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, and 25 g/plant. The second factor was the NPK dose, consisting of three treatment levels: 300 kg/ha (Control), 270 kg/ha, and 240 kg/ha. The analysis results showed that the treatment with an NPK dose of 300 kg/ha and a mycorrhiza dose of 25 g/plant significantly increased plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, and dry weight.The prominent advantage of these findings lies in proving that mycorrhizal symbiosis acts as a powerful biological buffer, maximizing Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) and significantly enhancing the crop's physiological resilience against water deficit. Based on these results, it is highly recommended that farmers cultivating shallots in drylands or drought-prone areas integrate 25 g/plant of mycorrhizal inoculant with the standard 300 kg/ha NPK fertilization.

Analysis of Ground Cover Vegetation on Soil Chemical Properties at PT Cibaliung Tunggal Plantation, Cibaliung I Palm Oil Plantation, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province

Putra Rahmadani — 2026-05-01

The productivity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is strongly influenced by the chemical fertility of the soil, which can be maintained or enhanced through the presence of ground cover vegetation. This study aims to analyze the effects of different types of ground cover vegetation on soil chemical properties in the Cibaliung I Estate Plantation of PT. Cibaliung Tunggal Plantation, Rokan Hilir, Riau. The research employed a survey method with purposive soil sampling at 0–30 cm depth across three distinct land conditions: areas covered with Nephrolepis biserrata, areas covered with Ottochloa nodosa, and open land without vegetation. Soil chemical properties tested in the Palm Oil Research Center (PPKS) laboratory included soil pH, total nitrogen (Total N), available phosphorus (Available P), and organic carbon (Organic C). Laboratory analysis revealed that ground cover vegetation significantly improves and maintains soil chemical quality compared to open land without vegetation. Areas covered with Nephrolepis biserrata exhibited the highest soil pH value of 5.4 (slightly acidic), attributed to its high biomass production, which suppresses leaching of soil bases, compared to more acidic land without vegetation (pH 4.6). Meanwhile, areas with Ottochloa nodosa were most effective at enhancing soil nutrient and organic matter fertility, recording the highest Total N value of 0.60% and the highest Available P concentration of 69.39 ppm, likely due to biomass decomposition and root-microenvironment activity. In contrast, open land without vegetation showed the lowest fertility, with a Total N value of only 0.08% and very low Available P (<0.01 ppm), resulting from high risks of surface erosion and nutrient leaching. This study concludes that the management and maintenance of ground cover vegetation such as Nephrolepis biserrata and Ottochloa nodosa are essential components of a sustainable soil conservation strategy in oil palm plantations. Ground cover vegetation plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving soil quality, thereby supporting sustainable oil palm plantation management.

The Effect of Providing Boiler Ash as a Planting Medium on Plant Growth of Vegetative Seeds of Coconut Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Pre-Nursery

M Andika Rifani — 2026-05-01

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a major plantation commodity that plays a strategic role in the national economy. Seedling quality during the nursery phase is a critical factor in determining the success of cultivating this crop. Boiler ash, a byproduct of oil palm shell and fiber combustion, contains macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium and has the potential to improve the quality of the growing medium. This study aims to test the effectiveness of boiler ash as a component of the growing medium on the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings during the early nursery or pre-nursery phase. The study location is at the Indonesian Palm Oil Technology Institute's Practice Garden. The study lasted for 3 months. The design used was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments: A0 (topsoil + sand), A1 (topsoil + sand + boiler ash 40 g), A2 (topsoil + sand + boiler ash 60 gr), A3 (topsoil + sand + boiler ash 80 gr), and A4 (topsoil + sand + boiler ash 100 gr). Each combination was repeated five times. The growth parameters measured included seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and the fresh and dry weights of the upper part and the roots. Data were analyzed using chromatography. ANOVA was conducted at the 5% significance level. Boiler ash treatment at various levels did not show a significant effect (tn) on all observed growth parameters of pre-nursery phase oil palm seedlings. Although there was no significant effect, treatment A3 showed the highest seedling height value, namely 19.02 cm, while treatment A2 had the highest fresh shoot weight, namely 3.32 g. Overall, the results indicate that using boiler ash as a component of the growing medium during the pre-nursery phase does not significantly increase oil palm seedling growth. However, the advantages of this study provide scientific certainty for practitioners that the use of boiler ash at a dose of up to 100 grams per seedling is safe as a component of the growing medium, without causing toxic effects or inhibiting seedling growth in the early phase. As a recommendation, for users who want to utilize boiler ash waste optimally, it is recommended to apply it during the main nursery phase when seed nutrient reserves have been exhausted, or to combine it with organic materials that enrich other nutrients.