JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA)

Drought Resistance Of Several Local Upland Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) From West Sumatra Province

Diah Permata Sari, Irfan Suliansyah, Auzar Syarif — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Rice is a major staple food for the Indonesian population, therefore, its productivity must be improved to accomplish the domestic consumption. Efforts to increase rice production in a sustainable manner in the future not only rely exclusively on lowland rice production but also from other genotypes including upland rice. West Sumatra is one of the province in Indonesia that preserves various local upland rice germplasm. The characterization of local upland rice genotypes to drought stress are required in order to support the increase of national rice production. This study aims was to obtain the West Sumatra local upland rice genotypes that are resistant to drought. The drought resistance screening was carried out in three ways, namely: 1) Testing of seed resistance with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), 2) Testing of root penetration using a wax coating, and 3) Testing of proline content. From the study, two genotypes, namely: Susun Porti and Ladungan which have good resistance to drought.

Effectiveness of Seed Priming on Vigor and Viability of Moringa Seeds (Moringa oleifera L.)

Nela Octavia Sari, Nova Triani, Pangesti Nugrahani — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Moringa is often referred to as the "miracle tree" due to its rich nutrient content and medicinal properties. The increasing demand for moringa seeds has highlighted the need for effective propagation methods; however, germination remains limited by the hard seed coats and prolonged dormancy periods. This gap underscores the importance of studying moringa, particularly in efforts to enhance germination success and initial growth. This study aims to evaluate the effects of various seed priming materials, soaking durations, and the interactions between different types of seed priming materials and soaking times on the vigor and viability of moringa seeds. The research was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory and greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, National Development University "Veteran" East Java. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of two factors, comprising fifteen combinations and three replications. The first factor is the type of seed priming material (S), which includes Aqua Destillata, seaweed extract, coconut water, PEG 6000, and KNO3. The second factor is the soaking time for the priming solution (L), which consists of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. Observations include germinability, maximum growth potential, growth rate, vigor index, and sprout weight. The combination treatment of PEG 6000 as the seed priming material with a soaking time of 12 hours yielded the highest average values for germination and maximum growth potential. A single treatment using PEG 6000 resulted in the highest average vigor index. Additionally, a single treatment with a soaking duration of 12 hours also produced the highest average vigor index. The results of this study can be recommended as optimal treatments to enhance the germination capacity and vigor of Moringa seeds.

Improving Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Farmer Productivity in Labusona Village, Labuhan Batu Regency

Dino Mahendra, Khairul Rizal, Yusmaidar Sepriani, Badrul Ainy Dalimunthe — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plantation crop that plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy. This study aims to analyze production costs, income, and the effect of production costs on oil palm farming income in Lobusona Village, Labuhanbatu Regency. The research sample consisted of 30 farmers selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results show that the average production cost incurred by farmers was IDR 60,600,167 per year, while the average revenue reached IDR 136,266,783 per year. This yield resulted in a net income of IDR 75,666,617 per year, or approximately IDR 24,532,139 per hectare per year. The F-test results indicate that production costs, when considered simultaneously, have a significant effect on income (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05). Meanwhile, the t-test results reveal that fertilizer costs had no significant effect, whereas pesticide and labor costs had a significant adverse effect on income. Conversely, annual production, plant age, and the price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) had a significant positive effect. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.996 demonstrates that 99.6% of the variation in income is explained by the variables included in the model. These findings suggest that the efficient allocation of production costs—particularly for pesticides and labor—is crucial for improving the profitability of oil palm farming.

Utilization of Subsurface Drainage to Reduce Salinity under Different Saline Soil Mixture Ratios and Their Effects on the Growth of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor)

Naufal Firwansyah Tristanto, Purwadi, Fitri Wijayanti — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Soil salinity is a significant limiting factor in plant growth, particularly in areas affected by salt accumulation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of underground drainage in reducing soil salinity through the leaching method and its impact on the growth of spinach (Amaranthus tricolor). The experiment involved applying saline soil mixtures at ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% alongside non-saline soil while utilizing underground drainage to expedite the salt leaching process. The parameters observed included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na) content, and plant growth. Observations were conducted at 1, 10, 20, and 30 days, with three replications for each treatment. The results indicated that underground drainage significantly reduced soil salinity levels in a relatively short period. The decrease in salt concentration positively influenced spinach growth, particularly in treatments with lower saline soil mixture ratios. These findings suggest that underground drainage can serve as an effective solution to mitigate agricultural land salinity, thereby enhancing plant productivity.

Analysis of Peat Soil Characteristics (Histosol) at Several Maturity Levels in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations in Lubuk Sakat Village, Kampar

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Agricultural development on peatlands requires a careful and thoughtful approach. Therefore, conducting an inventory of their characteristics is essential for ensuring proper utilization and effective planning. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of peat soils in Lubuk Sakat Village, Kampar, Riau, which are planted with oil palm at various maturity stages, covering a potential peatland area of approximately 800 hectares. The research was conducted using observational and descriptive methods, with purposive sampling employed at peatlands of fibric, hemic, and sapric maturity stages. The observed soil characteristics included pH, organic carbon (C-Organic), available phosphorus (P-Available), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In addition to these chemical properties, the soil microbial population was also assessed. The results revealed that soil pH, C-Organic, and CEC were similar across the three maturity stages, while P-Available was higher in sapric and hemic peat compared to fibric peat. The microbial population was found to be highest in sapric peat, followed by hemic peat, and lowest in fibric peat. These findings are expected to provide a solid foundation for managing fertilization and improving oil palm productivity on peatlands with similar characteristics.

Analysis of C-Organic, Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio Contents in Oil Palm Plantations Soil Owned by the People of Pulau Binjai Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Land conversion from rubber plantations to oil palm plantations is increasingly common in Indonesia, including in Pulau Binjai Village, Kuantan Mudik District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. Land preparation for oil palm plantations can affect soil fertility, particularly nutrient content. This study aims to evaluate the nutrient content in one-year-old oil palm plantations. The methods used in this study included surveys and laboratory analyses. Soil sampling was conducted at 10 locations using purposive random sampling at a depth of 20 cm, with 5 locations sampled using the grid method and 5 using the disc method. Each sample location consisted of 5 subsamples, which were then composited. The results showed that the soil pH in the grid ranged from 5.96 to 6.48 (acidic category), while in the disc it ranged from 6.2 to 6.88 (acidic to neutral category). The organic carbon content in the grid ranged from 2.61 to 3.74 (medium to high category), and in the plate from 2.82 to 4.28 (medium to high category). The total nitrogen content in the grid ranged from 0.20 to 0.25 (low to medium category), while in the plate it ranged from 0.21 to 0.29 (medium category). The C/N ratio in the grid ranged from 11.16 to 17.00 (medium to high category), and in the plate from 10.44 to 14.75 (low to medium category). The key findings of this research include the identification of organic carbon and nitrogen content in the soil, which enables recommendations for the application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in the study area.

Application of Dolomite on The Growth And Yield of Various Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) Grown on Peat Soil

Rona Tri Madani, Irfan Suliansyah, Benni Satria, Atman — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Rice is the primary staple food for the Indonesian population. However, land use changes have increasingly limited the availability of potential land for rice cultivation. Indonesia possesses vast areas of peatland, which offer significant opportunities for rice extensification. Nonetheless, the acidic and nutrient-poor nature of peat soils necessitates soil improvement efforts through the application of soil ameliorants. Dolomite is one such ameliorant that can enhance the chemical properties of soil and improve nutrient uptake by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between rice genotypes and dolomite application rates on the growth and yield of several rice genotypes cultivated on peatland. The experiment was conducted from June to December 2024 in Sunur Village, Nan Sabaris District, Padang Pariaman Regency, Indonesia, using a Split Plot Design in a randomized complete block layout with three replications. The results showed that the genotype and dolomite application significantly affected several agronomic parameters, particularly the 1000-grain weight. Genotypes Bujang Marantau and Caredek exhibited superior performance in most yield components. Dolomite application at 10 tons/ha proved to be the most effective dose, enhancing plant growth and productivity under peat soil conditions. These findings offer practical recommendations for optimizing rice production on marginal peatlands and promoting sustainable agricultural development in Indonesia.

Increasing Growth and Yield of Soybeans (Glycine max L.) by Providing Banana Stem LOF and SP-36 Fertilizer

Dela Tri Astuti Lumban Gaol, Yonny Koentjoro, Nova Triani — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Soybean productivity in Indonesia remains relatively low, partly due to declining soil fertility. One approach to address this issue is the application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and phosphate fertilizers, such as SP-36. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of banana corm-based LOF and different doses of SP-36 fertilizer, as well as their interaction, on the growth and yield of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). The research was conducted in Medokan, Surabaya, using a two-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four levels of LOF concentration (0, 500, 600, and 700 ml/l) and three levels of SP-36 concentration (150, 200, and 250 kg/ha). The observed parameters included plant height, number of pods, percentage of empty pods, seed weight per plant, seed weight per hectare, and fruit set. The results indicated a significant interaction between LOF and SP-36 on plant height 42 days after planting, number of pods, percentage of empty pods, and fruit set. The most effective treatment was the combination of 600 ml/l banana corm LOF and 200 kg/ha SP-36. However, seed weight per plant and hectare did not show a significant effect. This study concludes that the appropriate combination of banana corm LOF and SP-36 fertilizer can significantly enhance soybean growth and yield. It is recommended to use 600 ml/L of banana corm LOF combined with 200 kg/ha of SP-36 fertilizer to optimize plant height, number of pods, and fruit set in soybean cultivation.

Biodiversity and Carbon Storage Potential in the Lambosir Hill Area, Mount Ciremai National Park, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province

Alvin Amanda Simamora, Bakti Wisnu Widjajani, Rossyda Priyadarshini — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The potential for biodiversity, including a variety of tree, shrub, and bush species, is particularly pronounced in ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity, which influences the soil's capacity to retain water—the greater the species diversity within an ecosystem, its ability to sequester CO2 increases. Lambosir Hill is one of the hills located within the protected forest area of Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC). This study aimed to assess the level of plant vegetation diversity on Lambosir Hill and examine the relationship between biodiversity and carbon stocks. This study was conducted in Lambosir Hill, Mount Ciremai National Park in Kuningan Province, West Java. This study began in November 2022 and ended in March 2023. Activities related to data processing were carried out at the Land Resources Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, National Development University “Veteran” East Java. The study results showed low diversity at the shrub level and moderate at the tree level. The highest carbon stock was found in Sonokeling and the weakest in Hamerang. The land use type, slope, and vegetation composition influence these values’ differences. These results show the importance of permanent vegetation in supporting carbon stocks and ecosystem stability. It is recommended that woody tree vegetation such as Sonokeling be preserved to maintain the sustainability of carbon reserves in this conservation area.

Optimization of Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Rhizobium Bacteria to Enhance Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Johannes Pardede, Noverina Chaniago, Murni Sari Rahayu — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Rhizobium bacteria play a pivotal role in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation through their ability to perform biological nitrogen fixation. The effectiveness of Rhizobium in increasing crop yield is influenced by the soybean variety and the inoculation dose applied. Therefore, the application of Rhizobium inoculants appropriate to soybean varieties has the potential to increase the efficiency of nitrogen utilization in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Rhizobium strain doses on the growth and production of two soybean varieties. The study was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of two factors: soybean varieties (Anjasmoro and Dega 1) and Rhizobium doses (control/without Rhizobium, 10 g/kg seed, and 15 g/kg seed). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the interaction between soybean varieties and Rhizobium doses had a significant effect on leaf area. The best treatment combination was obtained with the Dega 1 variety and a Rhizobium dose of 15 g/kg of seeds. The Dega 1 variety had a significant effect on seed weight per plant and per plot. This variety demonstrates superior physiological capabilities and adaptability in utilizing growing resources for seed biomass accumulation, thereby contributing to increased national soybean yields. A Rhizobium dose of 15 g/kg seed had a significant effect on the number of root nodules and the number of soybean pods. Therefore, this dosage is recommended as the standard in soybean cultivation using inoculation technology.

Study of Atonic Concentration and Types of Biostimulants Applications on Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Production

Jhon Hardy Purba, Negussie Siyum — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to determine the level of atonic concentration and the type of biostimulant that can increase the yield of small chili peppers in the lowlands. The design used was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the concentration of atonic (A), namely: A0 = 0.0 ml / l; A1 = 1.5 ml / l, A2 = 2 ml / l; and A3 = 2.5 ml / l. The second factor is the provision of several types of biostimulants (B), namely: B0 = without biostimulant; B1 = Plant Growth Stimulator; B2 = EM4; B3 = Superbionic Fertilizer. Data analysis used analysis of variance and if there was significance, further testing was carried out with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the urea fertilizer package with a dose of 200 kg / ha, SP-36 50 kg / ha, and KCl 50 kg / ha gave better seed yields than the control but was not significantly different from higher doses of N, P, K fertilizers.

Optimizing Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield in Various Planting Systems by Providing Paclobutrazol Concentration

Maya Novita, Agus Sulistyono, Ida Retno Moeljani — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple food crop and a strategic source of carbohydrates for the Indonesian population. In recent years, rice production has declined at both national and local levels due to climate change, land limitations, and pest disturbances. This condition highlights the urgent need for research to develop more efficient and sustainable rice cultivation strategies. This study aimed to determine the interactive effects of planting systems and Paclobutrazol concentrations on the growth and yield of the rice variety Inpari 32. The research was conducted in Ngraho District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, using a Split Plot Design with two factors: planting systems (Tegel/traditional, SRI, Legowo 2:1, and modified Legowo) and Paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 600, 700, and 800 ppm). Observed parameters included plant growth and yield components. The results revealed significant interactions between planting systems and Paclobutrazol concentrations on several parameters, including the number of panicles, panicle length, and grain weight per cluster. The best results were obtained with the modified Legowo system combined with 600 ppm Paclobutrazol, which produced yields exceeding 6 tons per hectare. This combination is recommended as an effective cultivation strategy to enhance rice productivity and support sustainable national food security.

Ecological Study of Citrus Plants (Citrus SPP.) in The Gunung Leuser National Park Area Southeast Aceh

Muhammad Husaini Assauwab, Deden Sumoharjo, M Indera, Barokah — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Citrus is one of the strategic horticultural commodities with high economic and genetic value, yet its ecological basis in natural habitats remains understudied, particularly in conservation areas. This study aimed to assess the ecological conditions of wild-growing citrus plants (Citrus spp.) in the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL). A descriptive exploratory method was employed, combining field surveys with direct observations and quantitative measurements of environmental variables, including air and soil temperature, humidity, light intensity, rainfall, and elevation. The results indicate that citrus plants can grow at air temperatures of 18–31.6 °C, soil temperatures of 22–23 °C, air humidity of 79.4–80.3%, light intensity of 27.6–2871 lux, annual rainfall of 2,500–4,000 mm, and altitudes of 350–400 m above sea level. These conditions reflect a humid tropical ecosystem favorable for wild citrus growth. The findings demonstrate the citrus plant’s adaptability to shaded, moist environments, and its potential as a source of valuable local germplasm. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation, management, and further development of adaptive citrus varieties suited to tropical forest conditions.

Effectiveness of NPK Fertilizer and Gibberellic Acid (GA₃) Plant Growth Regulator on the Growth and Yield of Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.)

Inne Martina Puspita Sari, Pangesti Nugrahani, Puji Lestari Tarigan — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Long bean (Vigna sinensis L.) is a valuable vegetable commodity recognized for its high nutritional value; however, its production in Indonesia has declined. This decrease can be attributed to improper cultivation techniques. To enhance production, strategies such as NPK fertilization and the application of growth regulators, specifically gibberellic acid (GA3), can be employed to improve yields. The combination of these two methods has the potential to improve both the growth and yield of long beans. This study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors, where each treatment combination was replicated three times. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). This research aims to provide insights and recommendations regarding the most effective doses of NPK fertilizer and GA3 concentrations to enhance growth and yield. Specifically, it seeks to determine the optimal concentration of GA3 that promotes the growth and yield of long bean plants. The combination of NPK fertilizer and GA3 had a significant influence on the growth and yield of long bean plants. The treatment of NPK at 15 g/plant combined with GA3 at 100 ppm resulted in increased plant height, while NPK at 5 g/plant combined with GA3 at 100 ppm led to a higher number of fruits. Additionally, the combination of NPK at 15 g/plant and GA3 at 150 ppm significantly increased pod weight. Furthermore, the individual treatments of NPK at 15 g/plant and GA3 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 150 ppm also positively affected the growth and yield of long bean plants.

Allelopathic Effects of Kyllinga brevifolia, Eleusine indica, and Sphagneticola trilobata on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Tan Dang, Irawati Chaniago, Aprizal Zainal — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Weeds are a significant constraint to crop production as they compete for vital resources and release allelochemicals that may hinder the growth of surrounding plants. This study investigated the allelopathic effects of plant litter from Kyllinga brevifolia, Eleusine indica, and Sphagneticola trilobata on the germination and early development of Lactuca sativa. Two bioassays were conducted: a sandwich method in the laboratory and a pot experiment in a greenhouse. Dried weed residues were applied at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% to evaluate their impact on seed germination, root and shoot elongation, and biomass accumulation in lettuce. The results showed that all three species inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a concentration-dependent manner. In the sandwich assay, germination rates at 4% residue concentration declined to 58.89% (K. brevifolia), 76.67% (E. indica), and 46.67% (S. trilobata), compared to 96.67% in the control. The strongest inhibition of radicle growth was observed in K. brevifolia (91.60%). In the pot experiment, both K. brevifolia and S. trilobata consistently reduced all measured growth parameters. At 4%, shoot length declined to 9.18 mm and 5.42 mm, and dry shoot weight decreased to 2.90 mg and 3.09 mg, respectively. In contrast, E. indica slightly increased shoot biomass at moderate concentrations, suggesting a potential stimulatory effect. These findings demonstrate that residues from these weeds possess strong allelopathic potential and could be explored as natural agents for environmentally friendly weed management.

Secondary Metabolite Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Tali Putri (Cuscuta australis) at Different Heights Places

Rangga Arnelio, Aprizal Zainal, Benni Satria — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Cuscuta australis (commonly known as Tali Putri) is a parasitic weed that extracts water, minerals, and nutrients from its host plants to sustain its life cycle. Among its shared hosts, Asystasia gangetica (Israel grass) is highly susceptible due to its soft stem structure, which facilitates haustorial penetration and efficient nutrient transfer. Although generally regarded as a harmful weed, C. australis has demonstrated pharmacological potential owing to its secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties, both of which are relevant in disease treatment. This study investigated the effect of altitude on the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, moisture content, and ash content of C. australis and its host plant. A survey method was applied across three altitudinal zones (lowland, midland, and highland) with seven replications per site. Laboratory analyses were performed at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, and the Higher Education Service Institution (LLDIKTI) Laboratory. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the F-test, and significant differences (p < 0.05) were further evaluated using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that C. australis grown at high altitude exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (173.35 µg/ml), moisture content (9.06%), and ash content (5.16%). Similarly, A. gangetica collected from highland sites demonstrated superior antioxidant activity (64.39 µg/ml), moisture content (8.82%), and ash content (7.07%). By contrast, altitude had no detectable effect on the phytochemical composition of either species, both of which consistently contained flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and triterpenoids. These findings indicate that highland populations of C. australis and A. gangetica possess enhanced bioactive properties, suggesting that high-altitude habitats may provide the most suitable raw material sources for pharmaceutical applications.

Influence of Storage Media Type and Duration on the Viability of Longan Seeds (Dimocarpus longan L.)

Moch. Ari baha'udin, Nova Triani, Sutini — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Longan fruit is in high demand; however, longan plants produce recalcitrant seeds, which are less resistant to drying and contain higher moisture levels than orthodox seeds. Recalcitrant seeds typically remain viable for only 3–5 days if not stored under optimal conditions. This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of organic storage media and storage duration for maintaining longan seed viability. The first factor was the type of organic storage medium (sawdust, cocopeat, and rice husk charcoal), and the second was the storage duration (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The parameters observed included germination power, sprout length, sprout weight, maximum growth potential, and sprout root length. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. When significant effects were detected, a post-hoc BNJ test at the 5% level was conducted. The analysis revealed no significant interaction between storage media type and duration on any parameter. The storage medium had no significant effect, whereas storage duration significantly affected germination power, sprout length, and sprout weight, but not maximum growth potential or root length. Seeds stored for 7 days performed better than those stored for 28 days. Control seeds (without storage) exhibited the best overall results. This study suggests that longan seeds can be stored for up to 7 days while maintaining optimal viability, which is useful for seed distribution and commercial cultivation.

In Vitro Mutation Induction of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Maruta Variety for Lowlands Using EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate)

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium) are among the most popular ornamental plants due to their diverse types, shapes, and colors, making them highly valued in the horticultural market. In Indonesia, chrysanthemums are typically grown in highland regions, where production and flower quality are declining due to global temperature changes. To sustain production, new varieties adapted to lowland conditions are required. This study aimed to induce mutations in the Maruta chrysanthemum variety using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) to enhance adaptability and biodiversity. Explants were treated in vitro with EMS concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Quantitative traits—including survival percentage, explant height, number of shoots, leaves, and roots—were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test at the 5% level. Qualitative traits, such as stem and leaf color, were assessed using the Munsell Color Chart. Results showed that more than 50% of Maruta explants survived under all treatments. However, explant height, number of leaves, and number of roots decreased as EMS concentration increased, compared with the control.

Characterization of the Phytochemical Profile of Petroselinum Crispum Leaves in Central Kalimantan Habitat as a Basis for Pharmacological Potential Exploration

Nadia Dwi Nur Latifah, Noor Hujjatusnaini, Ridha Nirmalasari — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of Petroselinum crispum leaves cultivated in Central Kalimantan as a basis for exploring their pharmacological potential. P. crispum is a horticultural commodity of high economic value, widely used both as a culinary spice and in traditional medicine, making it a promising candidate for further development. The analysis focused on flavonoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and estrogen content, using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Results showed that flavonoid concentrations increased with higher quercetin standards, reaching a maximum of 0.92 mgQE/g at 100 µg/mL. In contrast, tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels declined as quercetin concentrations increased, suggesting that the compounds may have undergone degradation or interaction. Estrogen levels were recorded at 28.40 ng/mL with an absorbance of 0.498 and a regression equation of y = 0.0173x + 0.007 (R² = 0.998). The substantial flavonoid content and detectable estrogenic activity highlight P. crispum as a potential source of natural active compounds for antioxidant and hormonal therapy. These findings support the recommendation of P. crispum as a raw material for developing safe, affordable, and effective herbal supplements and phytopharmaceuticals to promote public health.

Improving the Quality of Coconut Fruit (Cocos nucifera L.) by Adjusting Planting Age

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a strategic plantation crop in Indonesia, playing important roles in society, the economy, and industry. Indragiri Hilir Regency is the largest producer of coconut in Riau Province; however, productivity has declined as plantations have aged. This study aimed to analyze the quality of coconut fruit based on plant age. A non-experimental comparative observational design was employed with three plant age treatments (15, 20, and 25 years). Each treatment was replicated six times, yielding 18 experimental units. Each unit consisted of two sample plants, totaling 36 plants. The measured parameters included endosperm thickness (mm), oil yield (%), and oil moisture content (%). For oil yield and moisture analysis, two mature coconuts were collected from each plant and analyzed in the laboratory, resulting in 36 samples. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and significant results were further tested using Tukey's HSD at the 5% level. The results showed that plant age had a considerable effect on endosperm thickness, oil yield, and moisture content. These findings suggest that plant age affects coconut fruit quality, with 25-year-old trees producing the highest-quality fruits in the Tembilahan Hulu District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This study offers recommendations for coconut farmers to optimize cultivation strategies, thereby enhancing production and fruit quality.

Increasing Red Onions (Allium ascalonicum L.) Growth and Yield by Providing Goat Urine LOF Concentration and Paclobutrazol Retardant

Wanda Mudhalifah, Didik Utomo Pribadi, Sukendah — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an economically important horticultural crop that contributes to national consumption, farmer income, and foreign exchange earnings. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentrations of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and the plant growth regulator (PGR) paclobutrazol for enhancing shallot growth and yield. The experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement in a Split-Plot Design with two factors and three replications. The main plot consisted of four levels of goat urine LOF (0, 100, 150, and 200 mL/L), while the subplot consisted of four levels of paclobutrazol (0, 100, 250, and 300 ppm). The results showed significant interactions between goat urine LOF and paclobutrazol on leaf and tiller numbers. Application of goat urine LOF at 100 mL/L produced the largest bulb diameter, whereas the absence of paclobutrazol (0 ppm) resulted in the greatest plant height. These findings indicate that moderate concentrations of goat urine LOF, combined with limited or no paclobutrazol application, can optimize shallot growth and yield.